Chapter 5 Consciousness

Question 1

activation-synthesis theory

Answer 1

A theory of dreaming; this theory proposes that the brain tries to make sense of random brain activity that occurs during sleep by synthesizing the activities with stored memories

Question 2

circadian rhythms

Answer 2

The regulation of biological cycles into regular patterns

Question 3

consciousness

Answer 3

One’s subjective experience of the world, resulting from brain activity

Question 4

dreams

Answer 4

Products of an altered state of consciousness in which images and fantasies are confused with reality

Question 5

hypnosis

Answer 5

A social interaction during which a person, responding to suggestions, experiences changes in memory, perception, and/or voluntary action

Question 6

insomnia

Answer 6

a disorder characterized by an inability to sleep

Question 7

interpreter

Answer 7

a term specific to the left hemisphere; refers to the left hemisphere’s attempts to make sense of actions and ongoing events

Question 8

latent content

Answer 8

According to Sigmund Freud, what a dream symbolizes; the material that is disguised in a dream to protect the dreamer from confronting the conflict directly

Question 9

manifest content

Answer 9

According to Sigmund Freud, the plot of a dream; the way a dream is remembered

Question 10

meditation

Answer 10

A mental procedures that focuses attention on an external object or on a sense of awareness

Question 11

narcolepsy

Answer 11

A sleep disorder in which people experience excessive sleepiness during normal waking hours, sometimes going limp and collapsing

Question 12

obstructive sleep apnea

Answer 12

A disorder in which a person, while asleep, stops breathing because his or her throat closes; the condition results in frequent awakenings during the night

Question 13

REM sleep

Answer 13

The stage of sleep marked by rapid eye movements, dreaming, and paralysis of motor systems

Question 14

Split brain

Answer 14

A condition in which the corpus callosum is surgically cut and the two hemispheres of the brain do not receive information directly from each other

Question 15

subliminal perception

Answer 15

The processing of information by sensory system without conscious awareness

Question 16

long-term use of marijuana is associated with

Answer 16

memory problems

Question 17

Fast, short, irregular brain signals (beta waves) are an indication of

Answer 17

alertness

Question 18

Flow

Answer 18

the mental state of operation in which a person performing an activity is fully immersed in a feeling of energized focus, full involvement, and enjoyment in the process of the activity

Question 19

Dierdre’s doctor has suggested that she learn a technique to manage her high blood pressure and stress. Her doctor probably suggested that she learn to use:

Answer 19

Transcendental Meditation

Question 20

Carla just took the stimulant methamphetamine. As a result, her behavioral and mental activity will __________ and her heart rate and blood pressure will __________.

Answer 20

increase; rise

Question 21

John and his roommate Mitch have an 8 AM class together, but John forgot to set his alarm. When Mitch screamed at him to try to wake him up, John wouldn’t budge. When John finally woke up, he was very groggy and confused. John was MOST likely in what stage of sleep?

Answer 21

Stage 3-4