Chapter 14 Psychological disorders

Question 1

Agoraphobia

Answer 1

An anxiety disorder marked by fear of being in situations in which escape may be difficult or impossible. (See page 634)

Question 2

Antisocial personality disorder (APD)

Answer 2

A personality disorder marked by a lack of empathy and remorse. (See page 660)

Question 3

Assessment

Answer 3

In psychology, examination of a person’s mental state to diagnose possible psychological disorders. (See page 623)

Question 4

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

Answer 4

A disorder characterized by restlessness, inattentiveness, and impulsivity. (See page 667)

Question 5

Autistic disorder

Answer 5

A developmental disorder characterized by deficits in social interaction, by impaired communication, and by restricted interests. (See page 664)

Question 6

Bipolar disorder

Answer 6

A mood disorder characterized by alternating periods of depression and mania. (See page 640)

Question 7

Borderline personality disorder

Answer 7

A personality disorder characterized by disturbances in identity, in affect, and in impulse control. (See page 658)

Question 8

Cognitive-behavioral appraoch

Answer 8

A diagnostic model that views psychopathology as the result of learned, maladaptive thoughts and beliefs. (See page 627)

Question 9

Delusions

Answer 9

False beliefs based on incorrect inferences about reality. (See page 651)

Question 10

Diathesis-stress model

Answer 10

A diagnostic model that proposes that a disorder may develop when an underlying vulnerability is coupled with a precipitating event. (See page 626)

Question 11

Disorganized behavior

Answer 11

Acting in strange or unusual ways, including strange movement of limbs, bizarre speech, and inappropriate self-care, such as failing to dress properly or bathe. (See page 652)

Question 12

Dissociative disorders

Answer 12

Mental disorders that involve disruptions of identity, of memory, or of conscious awareness. (See page 646)

Question 13

Dissociative identity disorder (DID)

Answer 13

The occurrence of two or more distinct identities in the same individual. (See page 647)

Question 14

Dysthymia

Answer 14

A form of depression that is not severe enough to be diagnosed as major depression. (See page 639)

Question 15

Etiology

Answer 15

Factors that contribute to the development of a disorder. (See page 621)

Question 16

Family systems model

Answer 16

A diagnostic model that considers symptoms within an individual as indicating problems within the family. (See page 627)

Question 17

Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)

Answer 17

A diffuse state of constant anxiety not associated with any specific object or event. (See page 633)

Question 18

Hallucinations

Answer 18

False sensory perceptions that are experienced without an external source. (See page 651)

Question 19

Learned helplessness

Answer 19

A cognitive model of depression in which people feel unable to control events in their lives. (See page 643)

Question 20

Loosening of associations

Answer 20

A speech pattern among some people with schizophrenia in which their thoughts are disorganized or meaningless. (See page 652)

Question 21

Major depression

Answer 21

A disorder characterized by severe negative moods or a lack of interest in normally pleasurable activities. (See page 639)

Question 22

Multiaxial system

Answer 22

The system used in the DSM; it calls for assessment along five axes that describe important mental health factors. (See page 621)

Question 23

Negative symptoms

Answer 23

Symptoms of schizophrenia that are marked by deficits in functioning, such as apathy, lack of emotion, and slowed speech and movement. (See page 650)

Question 24

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)

Answer 24

An anxiety disorder characterized by frequent intrusive thoughts and compulsive actions. (See page 634)

Question 25

Panic disorder

Answer 25

An anxiety disorder that consists of sudden, overwhelming attacks of terror. (See page 634)

Question 26

Positive symptoms

Answer 26

Symptoms of schizophrenia that are marked by excesses in functioning, such as delusions, hallucinations, and disorganized speech or behavior. (See page 650)

Question 27

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

Answer 27

A mental disorder that involves frequent nightmares, intrusive thoughts, and flashbacks related to an earlier trauma. (See page 633)

Question 28

Psychopathology

Answer 28

Sickness or disorder of the mind. (See page 618)

Question 29

Schizophrenia

Answer 29

A psychological disorder characterized by a split between thought and emotion; it involves alterations in thoughts, in perceptions, or in consciousness. (See page 650)

Question 30

Sociocultural model

Answer 30

A diagnostic model that views psychopathology as the result of the interaction between individuals and their cultures. (See page 627)