Chapter 5 Cognative Dev, in infantcy

Question 1

Schemeas

Answer 1

In Piaget theory , actions or mental representation that represent knowlege

Question 2

Assimilation

Answer 2

Piagetian concpet of using using existing schemes to deal with new information or experiences.

Question 3

accomodation

Answer 3

Piagetian concept of ajusting schemes to fit new information and experiences

Question 4

organisation

Answer 4

Piagetian of grouping isolated behaviours and thoughts to a higher order, more smothly functioning cognative system

Question 5

equalilibriation

Answer 5

a mechanisim that Piaget proposed to explain our children shift from one sage of thought to the next.

Question 6

sensory motor stage

Answer 6

the first of Piagets stages, which last from birth about 2 years of age; infants construct and understanding of the world by coordinating sensory experiences with motoric actions.

Question 7

simple reflexes

Answer 7

Piagets first sensory motor substage, which corasponds to the first moth after birth. in this substage, sensation and action are coordinated primarly through reflexive behaviours.

Question 8

first habits and primary circlular reactions

Answer 8

Piagets second sesory motor substage, which develops betweeb 1 and 4 moths of age. in this substage, the infant cooridnats sensation and two types of shemes: habits and priamry circular reactions

Question 9

primary circluar reaction

Answer 9

a scheme based on the attempt to reproduce an event that initially that occured by chance

Question 10

secondary circular reactions

Answer 10

Piagets 3rd sensory motor substage, which develops between 4 and 8 months of age. in this substage the infant becomes more object - oriented, moving beyond preoccupation which the self.

Question 11

co-ordination of secondary circular reactions

Answer 11

Piagets 4th sensory motor substage, which develops between 8 and 12 moths of age. actions become more outwardly directed and infants coordinate schemes and act with intentionality

Question 12

tertiary circular reactions, novelty and curiousity

Answer 12

Piagets 5th sensory motor substage, which develops between 12 and 18 months of age. in this substage, infants become intrigued by the many properties of objects and by the many things that they can make happen to objects.

Question 13

internalisation of schemes

Answer 13

Piagets 6th and final sensory motor substage, which develops between 18 and 24 moths of age. In this sunbstage, the infant develops the ability to use primative symbols.

Question 14

object permanance

Answer 14

Piagetian term for understanding that objects and events continue to exist, even when they can not directly be seen, heard , or touch.

Question 15

a-not-b error

Answer 15

error that occurs when infants make the mistake of selecting the familiar hiding place (A) rather than the new hiding place (B) as they progress into substage in Piagets sensory motor stage; also called AB error

Question 16

core knowledge approach

Answer 16

states that infants are born which the main- specific inate knowledge systems.

Question 17

attention

Answer 17

the focusing of mental resources on select information

Question 18

joint attention

Answer 18

processe that occurs when individuals focus on the same object and an ability to track anothers behaviours is present, one individual directs anothers attention and reciprical interaction is present

Question 19

memory

Answer 19

a central feature of cogantive development, pertaining to all situations in which an individual retains information over time.

Question 20

implict memory

Answer 20

memory without consious recollection; involves skils and routine procedures that are automatly performed

Question 21

explict memory

Answer 21

memory of facts and experiences that individuals conciously know and can state.

Question 22

defered imitation

Answer 22

imitation that occurs after a delay of hours or days

Question 23

developmental quotient (DQ)

Answer 23

an overall score that combines subsores in motor , language, adaptive and personal and social domains in the Gesell assement of infants

Question 24

Bayley Scales on infant development

Answer 24

Scales developed by Nacey Bayley that are widely used in the assement of infant development. The current version has 3 componants; mental scale, motor scale, infant behaviour profile.

Question 25

Language

Answer 25

a form of communication, whether spoken, written or signed, that is based on a system of symbols. Language consists of the words used by a community and the rules for varying and combining them.

Question 26

Infinite generativeity

Answer 26

the ability to produce an endless number of meaningful sentences using a fineite set of words and rules

Question 27

phonology

Answer 27

the sound system of the language, including the sounds that are used and how they may be combined

Question 28

morphology

Answer 28

units of meaning involved in word formation

Question 29

syntax

Answer 29

the way words are combined to form acceptable phrases and sentences

Question 30

semantics

Answer 30

the meanings of words in sentences

Question 31

pragmatics

Answer 31

the appropriate use of language in different contexts

Question 32

telagraphic speach

Answer 32

the use of short and precise words without gramatical markers such as articals , auxiliary verbs and other connectives.

Question 33

broca’s area

Answer 33

an area in the brains left frontal lobe that is involved in speach production

Question 34

wernicks area

Answer 34

an area in the brains left hemisphere that is involved in language comprehension

Question 35

aphasia

Answer 35

a loss or imparment of language ability caused by brain damage

Question 36

language aquistion device (LAD)

Answer 36

Chomskys term that describes a biological endowment enabling the child to detect the features and rules of langauge, including phonology, syntax and samantics.

Question 37

child-direct speech

Answer 37

language spoken in a higher pitch than normal with simple words and sentences