Chapter 4 Physical Development in infantcy Flashcards
Cedphalocaudal pattern
The sequence in which the earlisest growth always occurs at top/head which physical growth in size , weight and feature differentition gradulaly working from top to bottom
proximodistal pattern
the sequence in which growth starts at the centre of the body and moves toward the extremities
sudden infant death syndrome
A condition that occurs when an infant stops beathing, usually during the night, and suddenly dies without an apparent cause
marasmus
a wasting away of body tissues in the infants first year, cause by servre protein- calories deficiency
kwashiorkor
a condition caused by servre protein deficicany in which the childs abdomen and feet become swollen which water; usually appears from one to three years of age.
dynamic systems theory
the percpective on motor development that seeks to explain how motor behaviours are assembled for perceiving and acting
reflexes
build in reactions- to stimuli that govern the newborns movements, which are automatic and beyond the newborns control
rooting reflex
a newborns build in reaction that occurs when the infants cheek is stroked or the side of the mouth is touched. In response, the infant turns his head towards the side that was touch, in an apparent effort to find something to suck.
sucking reflex
the newborns buit in reaction to automaticly suck an object placed in its mouth. the sucking reflex enables the infant to get nourishment before he or she has assosiated a nipple with food and also serves as a self soothing/ regulating mechanism
moro reflex
a neonatal startle response that occurs in reaction to a sudden, intense noise or movement. When startled, the newborn arches its back, throws its head back and fligs out its arms and legs. then the newborn rapidly closes its arms and legs to the centre of the body
The grasping reflex
A neonatal reflex that occurs when something touches the infants palms. The infants responds by graping tightly.
gross motor skills
Motor skills that involves large muscle activities such as walking
fine motor skills
Motor skils that involve finely tuned movements, such as finger dexterity
sensation
the product of the interaction between information and the sensory receptors- the eyes, ears, tongue, nostrils and skin
perception
The interpretation of what is senced
ecological view
the veiw that perception functions to bring organisims in contact with the environment and to increase adaption
affordances
oppurtunities for interaction offered by objects that fit within our capabilities to perform functional activities
visual preforence method
a method used to determine whether infants can distinguish one stimulus from another by measuring the length they attend to different stimuli.
habititation
decreased responsivness to a stimulus after repeated presentations of the stimulus.
dishabituation
recovery of a habutated response after a change in stimulation.
size consistancy
the recoginition that an object remains the same even though the retinal image of the object changes or away from the objet
shape consistancy
the recoginition that an ojects shape remains the same even though the orientation to us changes
intermodal perception
the ability to relate and intergrate information from two or more sencery modalities such as vision and hearing
Lateralisation
specialisation of function in one hemesphere of cerebral cortex or the other
