Chapter 4 Physical Development in infantcy

Question 1

Cedphalocaudal pattern

Answer 1

The sequence in which the earlisest growth always occurs at top/head which physical growth in size , weight and feature differentition gradulaly working from top to bottom

Question 2

proximodistal pattern

Answer 2

the sequence in which growth starts at the centre of the body and moves toward the extremities

Question 3

sudden infant death syndrome

Answer 3

A condition that occurs when an infant stops beathing, usually during the night, and suddenly dies without an apparent cause

Question 4

marasmus

Answer 4

a wasting away of body tissues in the infants first year, cause by servre protein- calories deficiency

Question 5

kwashiorkor

Answer 5

a condition caused by servre protein deficicany in which the childs abdomen and feet become swollen which water; usually appears from one to three years of age.

Question 6

dynamic systems theory

Answer 6

the percpective on motor development that seeks to explain how motor behaviours are assembled for perceiving and acting

Question 7

reflexes

Answer 7

build in reactions- to stimuli that govern the newborns movements, which are automatic and beyond the newborns control

Question 8

rooting reflex

Answer 8

a newborns build in reaction that occurs when the infants cheek is stroked or the side of the mouth is touched. In response, the infant turns his head towards the side that was touch, in an apparent effort to find something to suck.

Question 9

sucking reflex

Answer 9

the newborns buit in reaction to automaticly suck an object placed in its mouth. the sucking reflex enables the infant to get nourishment before he or she has assosiated a nipple with food and also serves as a self soothing/ regulating mechanism

Question 10

moro reflex

Answer 10

a neonatal startle response that occurs in reaction to a sudden, intense noise or movement. When startled, the newborn arches its back, throws its head back and fligs out its arms and legs. then the newborn rapidly closes its arms and legs to the centre of the body

Question 11

The grasping reflex

Answer 11

A neonatal reflex that occurs when something touches the infants palms. The infants responds by graping tightly.

Question 12

gross motor skills

Answer 12

Motor skills that involves large muscle activities such as walking

Question 13

fine motor skills

Answer 13

Motor skils that involve finely tuned movements, such as finger dexterity

Question 14

sensation

Answer 14

the product of the interaction between information and the sensory receptors- the eyes, ears, tongue, nostrils and skin

Question 15

perception

Answer 15

The interpretation of what is senced

Question 16

ecological view

Answer 16

the veiw that perception functions to bring organisims in contact with the environment and to increase adaption

Question 17

affordances

Answer 17

oppurtunities for interaction offered by objects that fit within our capabilities to perform functional activities

Question 18

visual preforence method

Answer 18

a method used to determine whether infants can distinguish one stimulus from another by measuring the length they attend to different stimuli.

Question 19

habititation

Answer 19

decreased responsivness to a stimulus after repeated presentations of the stimulus.

Question 20

dishabituation

Answer 20

recovery of a habutated response after a change in stimulation.

Question 21

size consistancy

Answer 21

the recoginition that an object remains the same even though the retinal image of the object changes or away from the objet

Question 22

shape consistancy

Answer 22

the recoginition that an ojects shape remains the same even though the orientation to us changes

Question 23

intermodal perception

Answer 23

the ability to relate and intergrate information from two or more sencery modalities such as vision and hearing

Question 24

Lateralisation

Answer 24

specialisation of function in one hemesphere of cerebral cortex or the other