Chapter 10 Socioemotional development in middle and late childhood Flashcards
perspective taking.
the ability to assume other peoples perspective and understand their thoughts and feelings
self-esteem
the global evaluative dimesion of the self. Self esteem is also refered to as self-worth or self-image
self-concept
domain-specific evaluations of the self
self-efficacy
the belief that one can master a situation and produce favourable outcomes
preconventional reasoning
The lowest level of Kohlbergs theory of moral development. The individuals moral reasoning is controlled primarily by external rewards
heteronomous morality
Kohlbergs first stage of preconevtional reasoning in which moral thinking is tied to punishment
individualism, intrumental purpose and exchange
Kohlbergs second stage of preconventional reasoning. At this stage, individuals pursue their own interests and let others do the same
conventional reasoning
The second, or intermediate, level in Kohlbergs theory of moral development. At this stage, individuals abide by certain standards but they are the standards of others such as parents or the laws of society
mutual interpersonal expectations, relationships and interpersonal conformity
Kohlbergs third stage of moral development. At this stage, individuals value trust, caring and loyalty to others as a basis of moral judgements
social systems morality
The fourth stage in Kohlbergs theory of moral development. Moral judgements are based on understanding the social order, law, justice and duty
postconventional reasoning
The highest level in Kohlbergs theory of moral development., At this level, the individual recognises alternative moral courses, explores the options and then decides on a personal moral code
social contract or utility and individual rights
the fifith Kohlberg stage. At this stage, individuals reason that values, rights and principles undergird or transend the law
universal ethical principles
The sixith and highest stage in Kohlbergs theory of moral development, individuals develop a moral standard based on universal human rights
justice perspective
A moral percpective that focuses on the rights of the individual; individuals independantly make moral decisions
care perspective
The moral perspective of Carol Gilligan, which veiws people in terms of their connectedness with others and emphasises interpersonal communication, relationships with others and concern for others
social conventional reasoning
thoughts about social consensus and convention, in contrast to moral reasoning, which stresses ethical issues
gender stereotype
broad catergories that reflect our impressions and beliefes about males and females
androgny
The presence of postive masculine and feminine characteristics in the same individual
popular children
children who are fequently nominated as a best friend and rarely disliked by their peers
average children
children who recieve an average number of both postive and negative nominations from peers
neglected children
children who are infrequently nominated as a best friend but are not disliked by peers
rejected children
children who are infrequently nominated as a best friend and are actively disliked by their peers
controversial children
children who are frequently nominated both as best friends and as being disliked
intimacy in friendships
self-disclosure and sharing of private thoughts
