Chapter 3 Prenatal development and birth Flashcards
germinal period
The period of prenatal devlopemnt that takes place in the first two weeks of concpetion. It included the creation of the zygote, continued cell division and the attachment of the zygote to the uterine wall
blastocyst
The inner layer of the cells that develops during the germinal period. These cells later develop into the embryo
trophoblast
The outer layer of the cells that develops in the germinal period. These cells provide nutrition and support for the embryo
embryonic period
The period of prenatal development two to eight weeks after conception. During the embryonic period, the rated of cell differentation intensifies, support systems for the cells form and organs appear
amnion
The life-support system that is a membrane in the form of a sac that conatins a clear fluid in which the develping embryo floats
umbillical cord
A life-support system that is a membrane in the form of a sac that contains a clear fluid in which the developing embryo floats
plactenta
A life-support system that consists of a disc-shapped group of tissues in which small blood vessels from the mother and offspring intertwine
organogenesis
organ formation that takes place during the first two months of development
foetal period
Lasting about 7 months in typical pregnancies, the period between 2 months after conception and birth
neurons
nerve cells, which process and transimit information in the nerveous system.
teratogen
From the greek word tera, meaning monster. Any agent that affects the course of development adversly. The field of study that investigates the causes of birth defects is called a teratology
afterbirth
the third stage of birth, when the palcenta, umbilical cord and other membranes are detached and expelled
doula
A caregiver who provides physical emational and educational support for the mother before, during and after birth
natural childbirth
This method attempts to reduce the mothers pain by decreasing her fear through education about childbirth and relaxation techniques during delivery
prepared childbirth
Developed by French obstetrician Ferdinand Lamaze, this childbirth stratagey is similar to natural childbirth but includes a special breathing technique to control pushing in the final stages of labour and a more detailed anatomy and physiology course.
breech postion
The babys postion in the uterus tha causes the buttocks to be the first part to emaerge from the vagina
caesarean delivery
The baby is removed from the mothers uterus through an incision made in her abdomen
Apgar scale
a widely used method to assess the health of newborns at one to five minutes after birth. The Apgar Scale evaluates an infants heart rate, respiratory effort, muscle tone , body colour and reflex irrtabiliy
Brazeltons Neonatal Bevavioural Scale (NBAS)
A measure that is used in the first month of life to assess the newborns neurological development, reflexes and reactions to people and objects
neonatal intensive acre unit neurobehavioral scale (NNNS)
An offspring of the NBAS, the NNNS provides an assestment of the newborns behaviour, neurologicsl and stress responses and regulatory capacities
low birth weight infants
Infants that weigh less than 2500 grams at birth
premature infants
those born before the completion of 37 weeks of gestation (the time between fertilisation and birth)
small for date infants.
Also called small for gestational age infants, these infants birth weights are below normal when the length of pregnancy is considered. Samll for date infants might be premature or full term.
kangaroo care
Threatment for prem babies that involves skin to skin contact
