Chapter 5: Cardiorespiratory System Flashcards
(142 cards)
What is the interrelated groups of body segments, connecting joints, and muscles working together to perform movements and the portion of the spine to which they connect?
The kinetic chain
What are the parts of the cardiovascular system?
The heart
Bloodstream
Blood vessels
What are the parts of the respiratory system?
The lungs and respiratory pathways
What are the 4 main functions of the lympathic system?
Helps balance fluid
Absorbs fats
Absorbs fat-soluble vitamins
Defends against disease
How many chambers are in the heart?
4
2 in the atria (upper chambers)
2 in the ventricles (lower chambers)
Where is the atrium located and what does it do?
The upper cavities of the heart
It passes blood to the ventricles
What’s the difference between the right and left atrium?
The right atrium receives deoxygenated blood from the systemic veins
The left atrium receives oxygenated blood from the lungs
What do systemic veins do?
Carry deoxygenated blood to the right atrium
What carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium?
Pulmonary veins
One of the two lower chambers of the heart located below the left and right atria
The ventricle
What is the aorta?
- The main artery of the body
- Supplies oxygenated blood to the circulatory system
How does deoxygenated blood return to the heart?
The superior vena cava in the upper body, head, arms
The inferior vena cava in the lower body
What’s the location of the electrical impulses that cause the heart to contract?
The sinoatrial node of the right atrium
What is a cardiac cycle?
One alternating contraction and relaxation of the heart during one heartbeat
What are the two phases of the cardiac cycle called?
Systole sends blood out into the body or lungs (contraction phase)
Diastole causes the heart ventricles to fill with blood (relaxation phase)
What is the name for the amount of blood the left ventricle pushes out in one heartbeat/contraction?
Stroke volume
How does exercise affect the heart?
Strengthening the heart with exercise increases stroke volume, meaning the heart does not need to beat as frequently to circulate blood
What’s the measurement of blood flow within the circulatory system?
Millimeters of mercury (mm Hg)
What’s a normal and high blood pressure reading?
120/80
140/90 or higher
What are blood vessels made of?
Smooth muscle tissue
What are the three factors that affect blood pressure measurements?
Cardiac output
Blood volume
Peripheral resistance
What is cardiac output?
The amount of blood pumped through the heart per minute
Cardiac output = heart rate x stroke volume
What is peripheral resistance?
The amount of resistance to blood flow in the arteries
What type of tissue is blood?
Specialized type of connective tissue