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Psyc111 > Chapter 5 > Flashcards

Chapter 5 Flashcards

1
Q

Consciousness

A

persons subjective experience of the world and the mind

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2
Q

Phenomenology

A

how things seem to the conscious person

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3
Q

Problems of other minds

A

-Fundamental difficulty in perceiving the consciousness of others
(you are the only one that will ever know what it’s like to be you)
-Judge minds based on; Experience/Agency

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4
Q

Mind-Body problem

A

how the mind is related to brain and body

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5
Q

4 properties of consciousness

A
  • Intentionally: quality of being directed toward on object, working towards something, having intentions
  • Unity: ability to integrate info from all of the body’s senses into one coherent whole, one smooth experience, what your touching/feeling/tasting etc. all bundled into one experience
  • Selectivity: capacity to include some objects but not others
  • Transience: tendency for consciousness to change
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6
Q

Lvls of consciousness

A
  • Minimal: low-level king of sensory awareness/ responsiveness that occurs when mind inputs sensations and makes behaviour
  • Full: able to report your mental state, aware of the state while having the state
  • Self: focuses on the self to the exclusion of everything else
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7
Q

Disorder of consciousness

A

unable to demonstrate full consciousness or self-consciousness

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8
Q

Experience-sampling technique

A

people report on conscious experiences at certain times

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9
Q

Daydreaming

A

brain active when no task at hand, show activation in default network

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10
Q

Anxious thoughts

A
  • Mental control: attempt to change conscious states of mind
  • Thought suppression: conscious avoidance of a thought
  • Rebound Effect of Thought suppression: tendency of a thought to return to consciousness w/ greater frequency following suppression
  • Ironic processes of mental control: brain needs to know what it’s trying to think about so you then think about it
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11
Q

Unconscious mind

A
  • Dynamic Unconscious: active system encompassing a lifetime of hidden memories, instincts, and desires; struggle to control these forces
  • Repression: mental process of removing unacceptable thoughts/memories from consciousness to keep unconscious
  • Freudian Slips: evidence of unconscious mind
    ex. saying wrong name at wedding
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12
Q

More modern view of unconscious mind

A

-Cognitive: all the mental processes that influence thoughts, choices, emotions, and behaviour; not experienced by person
-Dual process theory: two systems for processing info; System 1= fast, automatic, unconscious processing
ex. Subliminal Perception–>reminder of aging causes person to walk slower
System 2= slow, effortful, conscious processing

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13
Q

Altered state of consciousness

A

a form of experience different than subjective experience of the world and mind

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14
Q

Hypnagogic state

A

pre sleep consciousness; hypnic jerk (sensation of dropping

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15
Q

Hypnopompic state

A

post sleep consciousness

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16
Q

Stages of sleep

A
  1. Theta waves; low-frequency patterns
  2. Sleep spindles/k complexes; bursts of activity
  3. Delta waves; slow-wave sleep
  4. REM sleep; rapid eye movements, body very still, mind active, high frequency sawtooth waves
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17
Q

cycle btwn REM and slow-wave sleep stages every…

A

90 min

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18
Q

Sleep is important for….

A

memory consolidation

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19
Q

Consequences of sleep deprivation

A
  • reduced mental acuity and reaction time
  • increased irritability and depression
  • increased risk of injury or accidents
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20
Q

Sleep disorders

A
  • Insomnia: difficulty falling asleep or staying asleep
  • Sleep Apnea: person stops breathing for brief periods while asleep
  • Sleep walking (somnambulism): person arises and walks around while asleep
  • Narcolepsy: sudden sleep attacks in the middle of waking activities
  • Sleep paralysis: waking up unable to move
  • Night terrors: abrupt awakenings with panic and emotional arousal
21
Q

Dream Characteristics

A
  • intensely feeling emotion
  • illogical thoughts
  • visual sensations
  • uncritical acceptance of dream
22
Q

Dream theories

A
  • manifest and latent content (burning tree)
  • activation synthesis (dreams are produced when brain tries to make sense of random neural activity during sleep)
  • key difference (dreams begin w/ meaning vs. mind adds in meaning you interpret)
23
Q

Dreams and senses

A
  • visual perception of the brains= not active

- association areas in occipital lobe for visual imagery = active

24
Q

Light vs. deep sleeper

A
  • genetic variant on the ADA gene which produces the enzyme adenosine
  • adenosine influences how deep people sleep
25
Q

Morning person?

A

48% women and 40% males; 24% under 50

blame genes

26
Q

Does white noise help ya sleep

A

when you wake up at night its not cause of noise, its the inconsistency of noises

27
Q

Psychoactive drugs

A

chemicals that influence consciousness or behaviour by altering the brains chemical message system

28
Q

Drugs can….

A
  • prevent NT from binding to sites on postsynaptic neuron
  • block reuptake to the presynaptic neuron
  • intensify or dull transmission patterns creating changes in brain electrical activity that mimic brain operations
29
Q

Drug tolerance

A

larger doses are required over time to achieve same effect

30
Q

Physical dependence

A

continuing to use the drug to avoid becoming ill

31
Q

Psychological dependence

A

strong desire to return back to the drug even when physical withdrawal symptoms are gone

32
Q

Types of Psychoactive drugs

A 
Depressants 
Narcotics
Stimulants
Hallucinogens 
Marijuana
33
Q

Depressants

A
  • reduce activity of CNS
  • alcohol, toxic inhalants,
  • sedative, calming effect
  • physical and psychological dependence
34
Q

Depressants: Expectancy theory

A

alcohol effects can be produced by people’s expectations of how alcohol will impact them
-placebo effect?

35
Q

Depressants: Alcohol Myopia

A

alcohol impacts attention; respond in simple ways to complex situations

36
Q

Barbiturates
Benzodiazepines
Toxins

A

sleeping aids
minor tranquilizers
glue, gas

37
Q

Narcotics

A
  • aka opiates
  • opium comes from poppy seeds
  • highly addictive
  • relieve pain
38
Q

Stimulants

A
  • excite CNS
  • heighten arousal and activity lvls
  • increase lvls of dopamine and norepinephrine in brain
  • physical and psychological dependence
39
Q

Stimulants: amphetamines

A
  • aka speed

- originally used medically

40
Q

Stimulants: ecstasy

A
  • aka MDMA

- added effect similar to hallucinogens

41
Q

Stimulants: cocaine

A
  • feeling of euphoria and exhilaration

- derived from coca plant leaves

42
Q

Stimulants: nicotine

A

-positive effects outweigh withdrawal; relaxation, improved concentration

43
Q

Hallucinogens

A
  • alter sensation and perception
  • cause visual and auditory hallucinogens
  • no significant tolerance or dependence
44
Q

Marijuana

A
  • intoxication similar to hallucinogens
  • affects judgement, short-term memory, impairs motor skill and coordination
  • no tolerance ( dependence is still possible)
45
Q

Gateway drugs

A

increases the risk of the subsequent use of more harmful drugs

46
Q

Hypnosis

A

one of the best indicators of a person’s susceptibility is their own judgement

47
Q

Posthypnotic Amnesia

A

failure to retrieve memories following hypnotic suggestions to forget

48
Q

Hypnotic Analgesia

A

reduction of pain through hypnosis for those who are susceptible

Psyc111 (8 decks)

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