Chapter 1

Question 1

! Psychology

Answer 1

Scientific study of mind & behaviour

Question 2

Plato beliefs

Answer 2

Nativism

Question 3

! Nativism (Nature)

Answer 3

Certain kinds of knowledge are innate or inborn

Question 4

! Philosophical empiricism

Nurture

Answer 4

Mind is a blank slate which is filled with experiences

Question 5

! Dualism

Answer 5

Mind and body are different things

Question 6

! Monism

Answer 6

Mind is what the brain does

Question 7

! Phrenology

Answer 7

Mental abilities and characteristics are bumps on skull

Question 8

Marie Jean Pierre Flourens did what

Answer 8

Surgically removed parts of the brain and observed actions/movement change

Question 9

Broca

Answer 9

Mind and body linked

Damage to specific part of brain led to impaired mental function

Question 10

Physiology

Answer 10

Study of biological processes

Question 11

Stimulus

Answer 11

Sensory input from environment

Question 12

Reaction Time

Answer 12

Amount of one to respond to stimulus after application

Looked at diff. times for diff body parts

Question 13

Consciousness

Answer 13

Persons subjective experience of the world and mind

Question 14

! Structuralism

Answer 14

Analysis of basic elements that make up the mind

Question 15

Introspection

Answer 15

Subjective observation of ones own experiences

Question 16

Titchener

Answer 16

Identified basic elements of consciousness

Question 17

! Functionalism

Answer 17

Study of how mental processes enable people to adapt to their environment

Question 18

Freud

Answer 18

Patients problems traced to childhood experiences

Memories stored in unconscious mind

Question 19

Unconscious

Answer 19

• Part of the mind that operates outside conscious awareness
• Influences thoughts, feelings, memories, and behaviours

Question 20

! Psychoanalytic theory

Answer 20

Shaping feelings, thoughts, and behaviours in unconscious state

Question 21

! Psychoanalysis

Answer 21

Bringing unconscious material into conscious awareness

Question 22

Goal of Freud

Answer 22

Uncover how experiences relate to anxieties

Question 23

Jung and Adler

Answer 23

Challenged Freud

Conflict was related to early sexual experiences and unconscious sexual desires

Question 24

! Humanism

Answer 24

Understanding human nature by emphasizing the positive potential of humans

Question 25

! Behaviourism

Answer 25

Study of unconscious influences and childhood experiences What people DO rather than what they EXPERIENCE

Question 26

Response

Answer 26

Action or physiological change brought on by stimulus

Question 27

Principle of Reinforcement

Answer 27

Positive reinforcement Positive outcome Free will is questioned

Question 28

Criticisms of behaviourism

Answer 28

Ignored mental processes and evolutionary history

Question 29

Illusions

Answer 29

Errors of perception, memory or judgment where subjective experience differs

Question 30

Pavlov and his dogs/Watson and lil Albert

Answer 30

“Office” Jim and Dwight ring for candy Albert with fear not candy

Question 31

! Gestalt Psychology

Answer 31

We perceive the whole rather than the sum of parts

Question 32

Lewin

Answer 32

Field theory (internal/external forces of behaviour)

Question 33

Asch | conformity

Answer 33

Under which conditions people can influence each other

Question 34

Allport

Answer 34

Stereotyping, prejudice, rasism

Question 35

Cultural Psychology

Answer 35

Study of how cultures reflect and shape the psychological processes of their brain Culture, absolutism, relativism

Question 36

Culture

Answer 36

Values, traditions, beliefs shared by a group of people

Question 37

Absolutism

Answer 37

No role of culture; beliefs shared by a group of people

Question 38

Relativism

Answer 38

Variability across culture; symptoms of depression are context-specific

Question 39

Clinical Psychology

Answer 39

Asses or treat people with psychological problems

Question 40

Counselling Psychology

Answer 40

Assist people with career, family, or personal issues

Question 41

School Psychologists

Answer 41

Guidance to students, parents and teachers

Question 42

Industrial psychologists

Answer 42

Issues in a workplace

Question 43

Sports Psychologists

Answer 43

Help athletes improve performance

Question 44

Forensic Psychologists

Answer 44

Assist attorneys and courts

Question 45

Consumer Psychologists

Answer 45

Help companies develop and advertise new products

Question 46

! Cognitive Psychology

Answer 46

optical Illusions

Question 47

! Evolutionary Psychology

Answer 47

Mind and behaviour in terms of the adaptive value

Question 48

! Cognitive Neuroscience

Answer 48

link btwn cognitive processes and brain activity

Question 49

! Behavioural Neuroscience

Answer 49

link psychological processes to activities in NS