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Psyc111 > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

! Psychology

A

Scientific study of mind & behaviour

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2
Q

Plato beliefs

A

Nativism

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3
Q

! Nativism (Nature)

A

Certain kinds of knowledge are innate or inborn

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4
Q

! Philosophical empiricism

Nurture

A

Mind is a blank slate which is filled with experiences

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5
Q

! Dualism

A

Mind and body are different things

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6
Q

! Monism

A

Mind is what the brain does

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7
Q

! Phrenology

A

Mental abilities and characteristics are bumps on skull

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8
Q

Marie Jean Pierre Flourens did what

A

Surgically removed parts of the brain and observed actions/movement change

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9
Q

Broca

A

Mind and body linked

Damage to specific part of brain led to impaired mental function

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10
Q

Physiology

A

Study of biological processes

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11
Q

Stimulus

A

Sensory input from environment

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12
Q

Reaction Time

A

Amount of one to respond to stimulus after application

Looked at diff. times for diff body parts

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13
Q

Consciousness

A

Persons subjective experience of the world and mind

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14
Q

! Structuralism

A

Analysis of basic elements that make up the mind

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15
Q

Introspection

A

Subjective observation of ones own experiences

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16
Q

Titchener

A

Identified basic elements of consciousness

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17
Q

! Functionalism

A

Study of how mental processes enable people to adapt to their environment

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18
Q

Freud

A

Patients problems traced to childhood experiences

Memories stored in unconscious mind

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19
Q

Unconscious

A
  • Part of the mind that operates outside conscious awareness
  • Influences thoughts, feelings, memories, and behaviours
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20
Q

! Psychoanalytic theory

A

Shaping feelings, thoughts, and behaviours in unconscious state

21
Q

! Psychoanalysis

A

Bringing unconscious material into conscious awareness

22
Q

Goal of Freud

A

Uncover how experiences relate to anxieties

23
Q

Jung and Adler

A

Challenged Freud

Conflict was related to early sexual experiences and unconscious sexual desires

24
Q

! Humanism

A

Understanding human nature by emphasizing the positive potential of humans

25
Q

! Behaviourism

A

Study of unconscious influences and childhood experiences

What people DO rather than what they EXPERIENCE

26
Q

Response

A

Action or physiological change brought on by stimulus

27
Q

Principle of Reinforcement

A

Positive reinforcement
Positive outcome
Free will is questioned

28
Q

Criticisms of behaviourism

A

Ignored mental processes and evolutionary history

29
Q

Illusions

A

Errors of perception, memory or judgment where subjective experience differs

30
Q

Pavlov and his dogs/Watson and lil Albert

A

“Office” Jim and Dwight ring for candy

Albert with fear not candy

31
Q

! Gestalt Psychology

A

We perceive the whole rather than the sum of parts

32
Q

Lewin

A

Field theory (internal/external forces of behaviour)

33
Q

Asch

conformity

A

Under which conditions people can influence each other

34
Q

Allport

A

Stereotyping, prejudice, rasism

35
Q

Cultural Psychology

A

Study of how cultures reflect and shape the psychological processes of their brain

Culture, absolutism, relativism

36
Q

Culture

A

Values, traditions, beliefs shared by a group of people

37
Q

Absolutism

A

No role of culture; beliefs shared by a group of people

38
Q

Relativism

A

Variability across culture; symptoms of depression are context-specific

39
Q

Clinical Psychology

A

Asses or treat people with psychological problems

40
Q

Counselling Psychology

A

Assist people with career, family, or personal issues

41
Q

School Psychologists

A

Guidance to students, parents and teachers

42
Q

Industrial psychologists

A

Issues in a workplace

43
Q

Sports Psychologists

A

Help athletes improve performance

44
Q

Forensic Psychologists

A

Assist attorneys and courts

45
Q

Consumer Psychologists

A

Help companies develop and advertise new products

46
Q

! Cognitive Psychology

A

optical Illusions

47
Q

! Evolutionary Psychology

A

Mind and behaviour in terms of the adaptive value

48
Q

! Cognitive Neuroscience

A

link btwn cognitive processes and brain activity

49
Q

! Behavioural Neuroscience

A

link psychological processes to activities in NS

Psyc111 (8 decks)

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