Chapter 5 Flashcards
(37 cards)
Define Attachment
An emotional tie with a “special person.”
How did the Hurlow’s monkey experiment look at attachment?
Originally attachment was thought to stem from nourishment provided at an early age but, hurlow’s monkeys were more attached to the “mother” that provided physical comfort over the mother that provided nourishment
What is a secure base?
Something or someone that allows a feeling of tethering and a point of safety to which the subject can return to when feeling overwhelmed»_space; often makes the child more able to explore
What are the 4 types of attachment?
Secure,Insecure: Avoidant, Ambivalent/Resistant, Disorganized
What is a secure attachment like?
Distressed when secure base gone, Immediately wants to make contact and quickly calms when secure base is back
What is a ambivalant/resistant attachment like?
Distressed when secure base gone, not immediately or not at all looking for contact and takes a long time to get calmed.
What is a avoident attachment like?
Doesn’t cry when secure base gone, doesn’t react when secure base is back
What is a disorganized attachment like?
Variety of responses, just don’t know how to react to parent
What are some reasons a child may have an insecure attachment?
An insensitive caregiver because of: Abuse, inexperience, post partum depression, being away often
What is the difference between sensitive parenting and insensitive parenting?
Sensitive parenting means that the parent reacts quickly to the child’s needs, where as insensitive parenting means that the parents do not reply quickly and are not as responsive
The definition of temperament, which has genetic aspects looks at what 2 things?
How “easy” or “difficult” a child is, emotional reactivity, and intensity of the emotional reaction
The Van der Boom study looked at how likely it was to have a child with a difficult or easy be securely attached, what did this study compare, what were the results?
The study compared results from well behaved children who were split into 2 groups: parents who were trained on sensitive parenting and children who were not trained on sensitive parenting vs. Results from difficult children who were split into the same 2 groups. For both the well behaved and difficult children the group of parents taught to be sensitive the rate of secure attachment was the same at 68% where as those not taught the rates of secure attachment were only 28% for both. This proves that the parenting style and not the nature or genetics of the child played a major role in how securely attached the child was
What does the Erikson theory of psychology look at? And how many stages are there?
The Erikson theory of psychology looks at * different stages of development and the psychological tasks they can complete during that period, the social environments their immersed in, and positive and negative resolution
What is the definition of cognition?
Cognition is all the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering and communicating
What really sparked Piaget’s interest with the children’s answers/reactions?
He was most interested in the children’s incorrect answers because when they all answered incorrect, they all answered the same same thing which we don’t usually see
What are 2 key points that Piaget pointed out?
- All children had a certain limit to what they could learn within a certain period group
- Children weren’t passive to stimuli like behaviourism suggested, they were active in understanding their enviroments
Whata re schmeas?
Schemas are bits of knowledge, concepts the children gained from new experiences
When a child “assimilates an idea, what does that mean?
When a child assimilates an idea that means that the idea fits into/ or confirms with what they already know their world. Ex: dogs can be big but they can also be small
What does it mean when a child “accommodates” a new idea?
It means that the new idea challenges old ideas and so the child needs to fit and change old schemas in order to fit the new idea in
In Piaget’s theory different stages represent what?
In Piaget’s theory the different stages represent different abilities of development (age ranges are approximate)
What is the stage from birth to age 2 called? What are the Schemas/milestones?
A) Sensorimotor period
- Object permanence = Objects exist in nature even if the child can’t see it anymore
- Seperation anxiety = Anxiety when primary caregivers are gone, ONLY after object permanence
- Stranger anxiety = frightened of unfamiliar faces, the more different it is the more frightened they become
What is the stage from age 2-6 called? What are the milestones/schemas?
B) Pre-operational period: Can’t manipulate what they learned, not logical
- Can’t understand Conservation = Properties (volume,mass, length) of objects don’t change is you just change the appearance»_space; 🥛study (poured into 2 types of glasses)
- Centration = Only focus on one point of information that stands out the most (look only at tallness not width too)
- Static states = can’t connect (put two and two together) what just happened
- Lack reversibility = Can’t reverse and think about what just happened (can’t imagine pouring milk back into other glass)
- Egocentric = Can only understand things from their own point of view
- Animistic thinking = Giving conscious life to objects
- Transductive reasoning = Don’t understand coincidence, think 2 things happening at the same time as something else caused by 1 of the things
- Lack Hierarchical organization = don’t understand how things can be grouped under a larger category (10 flowers, 4 blue flowers, 9 white)
- Achieve a theory of mind = have knowledge of their and other people’s thoughts and feelings (false belief test)
C) what are the Schemas/Milestones for the Operational Period?
C) Operational period: Full mental ability, logical, fully functional mental operations
-For them to be able to demonstrate their knowledge they need it to be concrete events they’ve experienced
What period is age 12 and onward? What are the schemas/milestones?
D) Formal Operational Period
-Abstract thinking = can think about future possibilities, use “if and “then” statements»_space; If John and Marie always go to school together and John is at school, where is marie?
