Chapter 3 Flashcards
What is Circadian Rhythm? What factor affects it, and how?
Circadian rhythm = The bodies inner clock, syncs with the 24 hour day and night time
Light and Dark effect it.
Body exposed to Light:
- Light signals to the Suprachiasmatic nucleus
- Suprachiasmatic nucleus signals to the pineal gland
- Pineal gland inhibits secretion of melatonin
Body in the Dark:
- No signals to the Suprachiasmatic nucleus
- So no signals to the pineal gland
- So pineal gland excretes melatonin
There are 2 main stages of sleep, What are they? How does the body react under those stages?
NREM (Non-REM sleep) also known as slow wave sleep: Breathing is slow, body cools, heart rate ⬇️, muscles rest (hypnogogic sensation could occur)
REM (Internally alot happening): heart rate ⬆️, body temp ⬆️, bizzare dreams, paralyzing effect
What are the 3 theories behind why we sleep?
A) Sleep protects us: Predator avoidance, Avoid dark
B) Recuperation: Time to restore brain tissue, release free radicals (gives locus coerulus time to rest and regain sensitivity to norepinephrine), and pruning = getting rid of unused/weak neural connections
C) Making memories: Slow wave sleep allows time for “consolidation” = making memories
What are the 6 effects of sleep loss?
- Moody (angry/aggressive)
- Cognitive ability ⬇️
- Weight gain
- Human error ⬆️
- Predictor of depression
- Affects health
How does sleep cause weight gain? Explain
- Lack of sleep causes ⬆️ in Ghrelin (Hungry)
- ⬇️ Leptin (energy use)
- ⬆️ Cortisol (storage of fat)
- This greatly ⬇️ metabolic rate and ⬆️ fat storage
How do the limbic and cortical parts of the brain act when they lack sleep?
Limbic (emotions) is more active when it lacks sleep and you get more emotionally attached to food
Cortical (logical) is less active when it lacks sleep and your brain is less likely to tell you not to eat foods you know you shouldn’t
There are 5 different theories to why we dream, What are they?
A) Wish fulfillment theory
B) Information processing
C) Neural Pathways/Cognitive Developments
D) Neural static
What does the dream theory, Wish Fulfillment, consist of?
2 Parts: Manifest content (what the dreamer’s description of their dream) and Latent content (the meaning behind certain dream symbols that our subconscious is trying to tell us)
What does the dream theory, Information processing, consist of?
Images from processing memories (rehashing the day)
What does the dream theory, Neural pathways/Cognitive development, consist of?
Necessary for brain development especially in children
What does the dream theory, Neural static, consist of?
Simply your cerebral cortex trying to put together the random brain activity that’s happening in your brain
There are 8 stages of Erikson’s psychology, which go into the psychological development through out a person’s life, what are the 8 stages (vs.) ?
Basic trust vs. Mistrust (0-1) Independence vs Self shame (2-3) Initiative vs. Guilt (4-5) Industry vs. Inferiority (6-12) Identity vs. Role confusion (teens) Intimacy vs. Isolation (early adult) Generatively vs. Stagnation (middle adulthood) Integrity vs Despair (later adulthood)
In the Erickson’s stage»_space; Basic trust vs. Mistrust, what are the positive and negative resolutions?
Positive: Responsive caregiving, basic trust in world is good and self confidence
Negative: Gain a basic mistrust of caregivers, world, and self
In the Erikson’s theory, for the stage Autonomy vs Shame/doubt, what are the positive and negative resolutions?
Positive: Independence from caregivers, walk, talk, toilet trained
Negative: Independence is stifled, self doubt/shame
In the Erikson’s theory, for the stage»_space; Initiative vs. Guilt, what are the positive and negative resolutions?
Positive resolution: takes initiative to plan and complete small projects and goals, interact with peers
Negative resolutions: Initiative stifled, guilt because own desires contrast with caregiver
