Chapter 4

Question 1

What is a concordance rate?

Answer 1

A concordance rate is the chance that both will have the same behaviour

Question 2

Is the concordance rate in general greater with fraternal twins, or identical twins?

Answer 2

Identical twins

Question 3

What traits are genetically coded for, and what is due to parenting?

Answer 3

Handedness and temperament are due to genetics

Parenting accounts for beliefs and political views

Question 4

What are the benefits of an enriched environment?

Answer 4

• lots of stimulus = more dendrites, denser connections, larger brain altogether

Question 5

What type of overall behaviour will victims of abuse have?

Answer 5

Either hyperactive from too much cortisol, or anti social from a dampened brain.

Question 6

What are the 5 types of disorders that can manifest from abuse?

Answer 6

• Disregulation of affect: avoid emotion to the point that they no longer understand what they are feeling, can understand others
• Avoidance of intimacy: view close relation as a threat
• Provocative behaviour: do behaviours that are very different from who they are to distance themselves (cutting -> suicide)
• Freezing: to take in more information and access a threat
• Dissociation: Cut themselves off from memories of who they were

Question 7

What factors can influence the creation of gender identity?

Answer 7

Culture, Parenting, Time in which you’re raised.