Chapter 5/6 Flashcards
Where does diffusion occur
Across membranes
Process by which substances from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration
Diffusion
The ability of a molecule to go though a membrane depends on..(3)
- size
- type(polar,nonpolar)
- molecule structure of the embrace
There is no net movement when there is
Equilibrium
Equilibrium is when
It is the same percentage of everything in and out of the cell
Concentration gradient
Difference in concentration of the substances
What is concentration gradient separated by
A membrane
The movement of water from an area of high concentration to lower concentration
Osmosis
What type of molecules does osmosis occur with
Water
Hypotonic
Outside cell-
Inside cell-
Effect on cell-
Low solute, high solvent
High solvent, low solute
Cell swells
Hypertonic
Outside cell-
Inside cell-
Effect on cell-
High solute, low solvent
Low solute, high solvent
Cell shrinks
Isotonic
Outside cell-
Inside cell-
Effect on cell-
Same
Same
Same
Specialized structures that remove excess water
Contractile vacuoles
When the animal swells or burst
Cytolysis
What does the cell wall do during osmosis
Become rigid due to turgor pressure, holds cell membrane
Function of cell membrane in osmosis
If it shrinks and detached from the cell wall, the cell will die; when filled with water, turgor pressure will develop
Plant cells need turgor pressure because
Without it the cell will shrink and die
Plasmolysis
When a plant cell shrinks then dies
Transport proteins that aloe ions to pass through the cell membrane
Ion channels
Ion channels are either
Open or closed
Closed ion channel will respond to
Different stimuli to allow things pass through them
Facilitated diffusion uses
Carrier proteins
Carrie proteins are
Specific to what they will let transport across the cell membrane
Facilitated diffusion is
Passive
Facilitated diffusion speeds up
Diffusion
Passive transport is
Transport that does not require energy
Movement of any substance across a cell membrane that does require energy
Active transport
Movement of sodium and potassium against concentration gradient
Sodium potassium pump
Sodium potassium pump uses ___ as an energy source
ATP
Sodium potassium pump is important for 3 vital functions
Muscle contractions
Nerve impulses
Kidney function
Processes used for moving substance across a membrane that are too large to pass through a channel
Endocytosis and exocytosis
Process by which cells take in large particles
Endocytosis
‘Cell eating’
Phagocytosis
‘Cell drinking’
Pinocytosis
Process of removing large waste products from the cell
Exocytosis
Coverts radiant energy into chemical energy stored in the bonds of organic compounds
Photosynthesis
Stored in plants as
Starch
Photosynthesis is done by
Autotrophs
Autotrophs
A”producer” that produces complex organic compounds from simple substances present units surroundings
Heterotrophs
Organism requiring organic compounds for its principal source of food
Reactants
What are used for photosynthesis
Products
What the finished products of photosynthesis are
Penne something is red all the other colors are being ___ and red is being ___
Absorbed
Reflected
Thylakoids
The sacks that are stacked on top of each other in the chloroplast
Site of photosynthesis
Thylakoid
Grana
The stacks of thylakoids in the chloroplast
Light reactions happen inn
The thylakoid membrane
Products of a light reaction
ATP and NADPH
Water gives… In light reactions
Electrons and hydrogen
ATP vs ADP
ATP is a form of energy
ADP is what ATP was before it was energy
Chemiosmosis
Process of ADP to ATP
Proteins on the membrane that remakes the hydrogen
ATPsynthetase
