Chapter 3 Flashcards
Allows it to be attracted to itself
Cohesive
4 characteristics of water
- an inorganic molecule making up 70% of an average cell
- covalent bonds between H and O
- disassociates into OH and H
- considered to be a polar compound because it shows electronegativity
The ability to stick to other things
Adhesive
Ability to move through fine pores or upward through narrow tubes against gravity
Capillarity
Capillarity allows… (2 things)
- nutrients to plant
- water does not change temperature easily
Smaller and simpler molecules
Monomers
Large repeated links
Polymers
The opposite of condensation reactions and the breakdown of complex molecules
Hydrolysis reactions
Organic compounds of C,H, and O
Carbohydrates
Ratio of carbohydrates
2 hydrogen:1 oxygen
Carbohydrates range in size from ___ to ___
Monomers to macromolecules
Monosaccharides have __ sugar rings
1
Disaccharides have __ sugar rings
2
Polysaccharides have __ sugar rings
More than 2
Formula for monosaccharides
(CH2O)n
Examples of monomers (3)
Glucose
Fructose
Galactose
What is glucose
Manufactured by plants during photosynthesis
Formula for glucose
C6H12O6
What is fructose
Sweetest type of sugar and found in fruit
What’s special about fructose
It’s a 5 sided sugar
Where is galactose found
Milk
Disaccharide is formed when
2 monosaccharides are joined through a condensation reaction
3 examples of disaccharides
Sucrose
Lactose
Maltose
What makes sucrose
Glucose and fructose
Where is sucrose found
Sugar cane and sugar beats
What makes lactose
Glucose and galactose
Where is lactose found
Milk
What makes maltose
Glucose and glucose
Formula for maltose
C12H22O11
Complex molecule composed of three or more monosaccharides
Polysaccharide
3 examples of polysaccharides
Glycogen
Starch
Cellulose
What is glycogen
Stored energy source for animals
What is starch
Stored energy source for plants
What is cellulose
Polysaccharide that gives plant cells strength and rigidity
And it’s non digestive
Not water soluble compound
Lipid
4 characteristics of lipids
- long C-H chains
- can be used by organisms to store energy
- harder to breakdown and get energy
- non-polar
Fats, oils, waxes, and steroids are examples of
Lipids
Long fatty acid chain joined to an alcohol chain
Wax
Protective covering for plant (cuticle) and animal (ear)
Wax
Consist of 4 carbon rings
Steroids
Steroids
Water soluble or non water soluble
Non water soluble
Steroids are classified as ___ because they don’t dissolve in water
Lipids
Building blocks of amino acids
Proteins
Organic molecules of C, H, O, and Nitrogen
Protein
Very important within the cells of all living things
Proteins
Monomers of proteins
Amino acids
There are ___ different types of amino acids, but all have the same ___
20
Basic structure
Carbon has four bonds in amino acids
- hydrogen
- COOH(carboxyl)
- amine group(NH2)
- R group (changes from amino acid to amino acid)
What is a condensation reaction
When two small things become one big thing by taking water away
attractive force between 2 water molecules
Hydrogen bond
Polar molecule
Different charges at opposite ends of the molecule
Polar molecules are attracted to
Polar molecules
What binds amino acids together
Peptide bond
What are nucleic acids
Large molecules that direct..
- heredity
- the formation of proteins
Building blocks of proteins
Nucleic acids
2 types of nucleic acids
DNA
RNA
RNA monomers are called
Nucleotides
3 parts of a nucleotide
- 5 carbon sugar
- phosphate group
- nitrogen base
Hydrophilic
Attracted to water
Hydrophobic
Not attracted to water