Chapter 4 Flashcards
The surface area of a cell can only be so big because..
They won’t function properly
What does the cell theory state
- all living things are composed of one or more cells
- cells are the basic unit of structure and function
- cells only come from existing cells
Prokaryotic cell
- no membrane bound organelle
- no nucleus
Example of prokaryotic
Bacteria
Eukaryotic cells
The cells that make up most living things
An example of a eukaryotic cell is
Cells inside humans
What does the cell membrane do
Surround the cell and gives it support and shape
What is the cell membrane also called
Plasma membrane
The cell membrane is
Selectively or semi permeable
What does semi permeable mean
The cell membrane is able to control what goes in and out of the cell
The cell membrane is a
Lipid bilayer
What is the lipid bilayer made of
Membrane proteins
What is the brain of the cell
Nucleus
Spherical structure, usually located in the center of the cell
Nucleus
Function of nucleus
Making nucleic acids and directing the cells activities
The nucleolus
Middle of the nucleus
The nucleolus makes
Ribosomes
Nucleoplasm
Liquid inside the nucleus
To what is the nucleolus rich in
Proteins and chromatin
The nuclear membrane is also referred to as
The nuclear envelope
Nuclear membrane
Double membrane that is semi permeable
How is the nuclear membrane semi permeable
Pores
The most numerous of organelles
Ribosome
Function of ribosomes
Making proteins
Ribosomes can exist in two ways
- Free floating in the cytoplasm
- Attached to the ER
System of membranes forming folded sacs and tunnels
Endoplasmic reticulum
Two types of ER
Rough
Smooth
What is rough ER responsible for
Protein production
What is smooth ER responsible for
Produces lipids and area of detoxifying for the cell
Stack of membranes filled with fluid and dissolved substance
Golgi complex
What does the Golgi complex do
Processes, packages, and secreting organelle
Powerhouse of the cell
Mitochondria
Where do mitochondria get power from
The process of cellular respiration in the form of ATP
Two layers of mitochondria
Smooth, outer layer
Highly folded, inner layer cristae
Mitochondria contains its own
DNA
Small spherical organelles that contain digestive enzymes
Lysosomes
Lysosomes function
Digest food particles, disease-causing bacteria, and worn out and broken parts of the cell
Liquid-filled space that stores food, water, and minerals
Vacuoles
Function of vacuoles
Store waste until the cell is able to get rid of it
The vacuoles in animal cells are usually
Small
Thick outer layer covering the outside of the membrane in a plant cell
Cell wall
Cell wall is made of
Cellulose
Function of cell wall
Protects and supports the cells
Remains after the cell has died
Cell wall
Made up of the wall of dead cells
Wood
Cell part that constipation the green pigment chlorophyll
Chloroplasts
Function of chloroplasts
Traps energy from the sun and the plant use the energy to make food though photosynthesis
The order of the structure in multicellular organisms
Cell-tissue-organ-organ system-organism
