Chapter 2 Flashcards
Atom
The functional unit of matter
Element
Substance that cannot be broken down chemically into simpler kinds of matter
Nucleus
Core of the atom, consists of two kinds of subatomic particles
Protons have a __ charge
Positive
Neutrons have a __ charge
No
99.9% of the atoms mass is found in ___
The nucleus
Stable atom
When the atom have a full outer shell
Elements go through ___ to make them more stable
Reactions
Ion
Charges particle or atom
Positive ion
Cation
Negative ion
Anion
Two major types of bonds
Ionic
Covalent
Bond formed from the loss or gain of electrons
Ionic bond
Atoms become charged in a ___ bind
Ionic
Bond formed by 2 atoms that share one or more pair of electrons
Covalent bond
Substance that reduces the amount of energy need for a recruit to occur
Catalyst
Protein that acts like a biological catalyst
Enzyme
Reactant loses 1 or more electrons and becomes positive
Oxidation reaction
Reactant gains 1 or more electrons and becomes negative
Reduction reaction
Reaction where electrons are transferred between atoms
Redox reaction
Best mixed mixture
Solution
Homogenous mixture in why one or more substances are uniformly distributed in another substance
Solution
Two parts of a solution
Solute
Solvent
Solute
Substance being dissolved in the solution
Solvent
Substance in which the solute is dissolved
The relative a,our of hydronium ions in a solution
Acids
4 characteristics of acidic solutions
- acidic solutions contain higher concentrations of H3O then hydroxide ions
- tend to have a sour taste
- can burn skin, eyes, mucous membranes
- very high concentrations of it are corrosive
Contains more OH than H3O ions
Basic solution
Scale for measuring the concentration of H3O and OH in a solution
pH scale
pH scale ranges from __ - __
0
14
On a pH scale
0-6.9=
7=
7.1-14=
Acidic solution
Neutral
A basic or alkaline solution
Chemical substance that neutralize small amounts of acid or base
Buffer
