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Psych 101 > Chapter 5 > Flashcards

Chapter 5 Flashcards

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1
Q

consciousness

A

a person’s subjective experience of the world and the mind. The defining feature is ‘experience’.

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2
Q

phenomenology

A

how things seem to be to the conscious person

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3
Q

problem of other minds

A

the fundamental difficulty we have in perceiving the consciousness of others

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4
Q

mind-body problem

A

the issue of how the mind is related to the brain and body

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5
Q

the timing of conscious will

A

brain activity begins (-535ms)
conscious wish to act is experienced (-204 ms)
finger movement occurs (0ms)

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6
Q

four basic principles of consciousness

A

intentionality, unity, selectivity, transience

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7
Q

consciousness

A

consciousness is always about something

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8
Q

unity

A

a resistance to division

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9
Q

selectivity

A

the capacity to include some objects but not others

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10
Q

transience

A

the tendency to change

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11
Q

levels of consciousness

A

minimal consciousness, full consciousness, self consciousness

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12
Q

minimal consciousness

A

a low level kind of sensory awareness and responsiveness that occurs when the mind inputs sensations and may output behavior

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13
Q

full consciousness

A

consciousness in which you know and are able to report your mental state

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14
Q

self consciousness

A

a distinct level of consciousness in which the person’s attention is drawn to the self as an object

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15
Q

coctail party phenomnon

A

a phenomenon in which people tune in one message even while they filter out others which are nearby

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16
Q

dichotic listening

A

a task in which people wearing headphone hear different messages presented to each ear.

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17
Q

mental control

A

the attempt to change conscious states of mind

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18
Q

though suppression

A

the conscious avoidance of a thought

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19
Q

rebound effect of thought suppression

A

the tendency of a thought to return to consciousness with greater frequency following suppression

20
Q

ironic processes of mental control

A

mental processes that can produce ironic errors because monitoring for errors can itself produce them

21
Q

dynamic unconscious

A

an active system encompassing a lifetime of encompassing memories the person’s deepest instinct and desires, and the person’s inner struggle to control these forces

22
Q

repression

A

a mental process that removes unacceptable thoughts and memories from consciousness and keeps them in the unconsciousness

23
Q

subliminal perception

A

thought or behavior that is influenced by stimuli that a person cannot consciously report receiving

24
Q

altered state of consciousness

A

a form of experience that departs significantly from the normal subjective experience of the world and mind

25
Q

circadian rhythm

A

a naturally occurring 24-hour cycle

26
Q

REM sleep

A

a stage of sleep characterized by rapid eye movements and a high level of brain activity

27
Q

Insomnia

A

difficulty in falling asleep of staying asleep

28
Q

sleep apnea

A

a disorder in which a person stop breathing for brief periods while asleep

29
Q

somnambulism (or sleepwalking)

A

occurs when a person arises and walks around while asleep

30
Q

narcolepsy

A

a disorder in which sleep attacks occur in the middle of waking activity

31
Q

sleep paralysis

A

the experience of waking up unable to move

32
Q

night terrors/sleep terrors

A

abrupt awakenings with panic and intense emotional arousal

33
Q

activation-synthesis model

A

the theory that dreams are produced when the brain attempts to make sense of random neural activity that occurs during sleep

34
Q

psychoactive drugs

A

chemicals that influence consciousness or behavior by altering the brain’s chemical messaging system

35
Q

drug tolerance

A

the tendency for larger doses of a drug to be required over time to achieve the same affect

36
Q

depressants

A

substances that reduce the activity of the central nervous system

37
Q

expectancy theory

A

alcohol effects can be produced by people’s expectations about how alcohol will influence them in a particular situation

38
Q

alcohol myopia

A

a condition that results when alcohol hampers attention leading people to respond in simple ways to complex situations

39
Q

stimulants

A

substances that excite the central nervous system, heightening arousal and activity levels

40
Q

narcotics/opiates

A

highly addictive drugs derived from opium tha relieve pain

41
Q

hallucinogens

A

drugs that alter sensation and perception and often cause visual and auditory hallucinations

42
Q

marijuana/cannabis

A

the leaves and buds of the hemp plant which contain a psychoactive drug called THC

43
Q

gateway drug

A

a drug whose use increases the risk of the subsequent use of more harmful drugs

44
Q

hypnosis

A

a social interaction in which one person (a hypnotist) makes suggestions that lead to a change in another person’s (subject) subjective experience of the world

45
Q

post-hypnotic amnesia

A

the failure to retrieve memories following hypnotic suggestions to forget

46
Q

hypnotic analgesia

A

the reduction of pain through hypnosis in people who are susceptible to hypnosis

Psych 101 (12 decks)

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