Chapter 10

Question 1

developmental psychology

Answer 1

the study of continuity and change across the lifespan

Question 2

zygote

Answer 2

a fertilized egg

Question 3

germinal stage

Answer 3

2-week period of prenatal development that begins at conception

zygote divides

zygote migrates and attaches itself to the Fallopian tube; now it is an embryo

Question 4

embryonic stage

Answer 4

stage of prenatal development that lasts from the 2nd week to about the 8th week

embryo continues to divide
cells differentiate
male embryos produce testosterone

Question 5

at about 9 weeks, the embryo gets a new name:

Answer 5

fetus

Question 6

fetal stage

Answer 6

period of prenatal development that lasts from the 9th week until birth

develop a layer of fat
digestive and respiratory systems mature
myelination starts

Question 7

__% of a person’s brain development occurs outside the womb

Answer 7

75

Question 8

teratogens

Answer 8

agents that impair development

Question 9

fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS)

Answer 9

developmental disorder caused by heavy alcohol use during pregnancy

Question 10

infancy

Answer 10

the stage of development that begins at birth and lasts between 18 and 24 months.

Question 11

motor development

Answer 11

the emergence of the ability to execute physical actions such as reaching, grasping, crawling, and walking

Question 12

reflexes

Answer 12

specific patterns of motor response that are triggered by specific patterns of sensory stimulation

Question 13

cephalocaudal rule

Answer 13

the tendency for motor behavior to emerge in sequence from the head to the feet

Question 14

proximodistal rule

Answer 14

the tendency for motor behavior to emerge in sequence from the center to the periphery

Question 15

cognitive development

Answer 15

the emergence of the ability to think and understand

Question 16

sensorimotor stage (birth-2 years)

Answer 16

infant experiences world through movement and sense, develops schemas, begins to act intentionally, and shows evidence of understanding object permanence

Question 17

preoperational (2-6 years)

Answer 17

child acquires motor skills but does not understand conservation of physical properties. child begins this stage of thinking egocentrically but ends with a basic understanding of other minds

Question 18

concrete operational (6-11 years)

Answer 18

child can think logically about physical objects and events and understands conservation of physical properties.

Question 19

formal operational (11 years and up)

Answer 19

child can think logically about abstract propositions and hypotheticals

Question 20

schemas

Answer 20

theories about the way the world works

Question 21

assimilation

Answer 21

the process by which infants apply their schemas in novel situations

Question 22

accommodation

Answer 22

the process by which infants revise their schemas to take new information into account

Question 23

object permanence

Answer 23

the belief that objects exist even when they are not visible

Question 24

childhood

Answer 24

the stage of development that begins at about 18 to 24 months and lasts until about 11 to 14 years

Question 25

conservation

Answer 25

the notion that basic properties of an object do not change despite changes in the object’s appearance

Question 26

ego centrism

Answer 26

the failure to understand that the world appears different to different people.

Question 27

theory of mind

Answer 27

the understanding that other people’s mental representations guide their behavior

Question 28

attachment

Answer 28

an emotional bond with a primary caregiver

Question 29

temperament

Answer 29

characteristic pattern of emotional reactivity

Question 30

internal working model of relationships

Answer 30

a set of beliefs about the self, the primary caregiver, and the relationship between them

Question 31

preconventional stage

Answer 31

a stage of moral development in which the morality of an action is primarily determined by its consequenses for the actor

Question 32

conventional stage

Answer 32

a stage of moral development in which the morality of an action is primarily determined by the extent to which it conforms to social rules

Question 33

postconventional stage

Answer 33

a stage of moral development in which the morality of an action is determined by a set of general principles that reflect core values, such as the right to life, liberty , ad the pursuit of happiness

Question 34

adolescence

Answer 34

the period of development that begins with the onset of sexual maturity (about 11 to 14 years of age) and last until the beginning of adulthood (about 18 to 21 years of age)

Question 35

puberty

Answer 35

the bodily changes associated with sexual maturity

Question 36

primary sex characteristics

Answer 36

bodily structures that are directly involved in reproduction

Question 37

secondary sex characteristics

Answer 37

bodily structures that change dramatically with sexual maturity but that are directly involved in reproduction

Question 38

adulthood

Answer 38

the stage of development that begins around 18 to 21 years and ends at death

Question 39

the peak years for health, stamina, vigor and prowess are
a childhood
b early teens
c early 20's
d early 30's

Answer 39

c

Question 40

data suggest that, for most people, the last decades of life are
a characterized by an increase in emotions
b spent attending to the most useful information
c extremely satisfying
d a time during which they begin to interact with a much wider circle of people

Answer 40

b

Question 41

what is true of marital satisfaction over the life span?
a increases steadily
b decreases steadily
c stable
d it shows peaks and valleys, corresponding to the presence ad ages of children

Answer 41

d