Chapter 5 Flashcards
It is an act of bringing an egg to hatching
Incubation
•It refers to the process by which certain oviparous (egg laying) animals hatch their egg.
•It also refers to the development of embryo within the egg under favorable environmental condition.
Incubation
- This involves the use of a broody hen which sits on the eggs to provide them with conditions necessary for hatching.
Brood hen incubation method
Types of incubation method
Brood hen incubation method
Artificial incubation
Sign of broodiness in poultry
Tendency to set on an egg after laying
Molting of the hen
Making some noise at the laying nest
Feathers are raised
It stops laying
Requirements of a successful incubation
- Location
- Sanitation
- Calibration
- Proper temperature
- Humidity
- Correct position of the eggs
- Turning
- Adequate ventilation
- Moisture loss
- Biosecurity measure
- is a device used for maintaining the eggs of poultry and allows them to hatch. It provides the optimum environmental conditions for
successful hatching of eggs.
INCUBATOR
a simple type of box in which no fan is provided, mostly used in villages in domestic level.
Still air incubator
- air is forced with the help of a fan and drafted air is uniform distributed.
Forced air incubator
means large in size and the mechanism
of operation is forced draft in which air is forced by the help of a fan.
Mammoth incubator
it has several definite compartmentalization. It works forced draft mechanism.
Cabinet incubator
- it is large in size that a man can walk in it. Temperature is set automatically and for ventilation large number of fans are provided
WALK-IN INCUBATOR
contain setter and hatcher in a single
chamber. There is no separation between setter and hatcher.
SINGLE STAGE INCUBATOR
setter and hatcher in a separate chambers.
MULTI STAGE INCUBATOR
- work by maintaining a controlled environment with optimal temperature, humidity, and ventilation to ensure successful embryo development and hatching.
HOT AIR INCUBATOR
- device used to hatch eggs by maintaining a consistent and controlled temperature using heated water.
HOT WATER INCUBATOR
is where eggs are kept for the initial part of the incubation period, typically for the first 18 days in the case of chicken eggs.
Setter/Incubator
is the part of the incubator where eggs are transferred for the final stages of incubation, typically the last 3 days for chicken eggs.
Hatcher
- The egg will appear to have black spot which as the embryo grows and incubation continues until light will only pass through the air cell end of the egg.
Fertile Eggs
- eggs appear clear
Infertile eggs
- if the egg is fertile but the embryo has died, a blood ring is seen around the yolk or possible a dark spot depending on when the embryo stopped growing.
Dead Embryo
An average % hatchability should be
85-90%
•Males maintained at __°C had higher fertility than those maintained at __°C.
•Males maintained at 19°C had higher fertility than those maintained at 30°C.
•Inclusion of 550mg of biotin per kg feed in leghorn ration has improved fertility by ___%
2.6%
• Provides nourishment to the developing embryo by digesting and absorbing yolk
Yolk Sac
It contains enzymes that break down yolk proteins and fats, allowing
nutrient transport to the embryo through blood vessels
Yolk sac
• Encloses the embryo in a fluid-filled cavity, providing a protective cushion against mechanical shocks.
Amnion
Maintains a moist environment and prevents desiccation, allowing for safe movement and growth.
Amnion
• Facilitates gas exchange between the embryo and the external environment.
Chorion
• Acts as a reservoir for waste products and assists in respiration.
• Stores nitrogenous wastes (like uric acid)
Allantois
