Chapter 3 (Digestive, Circulatory, and Reproductive system) Flashcards
is used in grasping the food which is then propelled backward to the esophagus where it is carried by peristalsis, aided by gravity, down to the crop.
Beak
Flexible tube that connects mouth to the crop.
ESOPHAGUS
Moisten and temporary storage
CROP
“STOMACH OF THE BIRD” Uses acids and
digestive enzymes to breakdown food
PROVENTRICULUS
Like “TEETH”, It mechanically grinds up food particles.
GIZZARD / VENTRICULUS
Three sections: Duodenum, Ileum, Jejunum
Functions: absorption of nutrients from the food
SMALL INTESTINE
Fermentation of any left-over food particles/ water absorption
Ceca
Site for further water absorption
Large Intestine (Colon)
Also known as the “vestibule”
Function: responsible for expulsion of feces and urine through the vent.
Cloaca
*Multi-lobed organ
*Functions: produce bile to digest fats (stored
in gall bladder), store fat and fat-soluble vitamins
Liver
pumps blood throughout the body to deliver oxygen and nutrients to tissues and to remove Carbon dioxide and metabolic waste from tissues.
Heart
Produces insulin, useful in carbohydrate digestion.
PANCREAS
has a normal fat structure that may show changes in quantity and appearance when a systemic disease occurs.
Heart’s coronary band
is the thin membrane that encloses the heart, and that they heart normally has a small deposit of fat at the tip as well as around the coronary band.
Pericardial sac
Composed of arteries, arterioles, capillaries, and veins
Blood vessels
carries blood from heart and to the rest of the body
Arteries
directs blood certain tissues of the body
Arterioles
site of exchange between blood and tissues.
Capillaries
brings oxygenated blood back to the heart
Veins
Components of Blood
White Blood cells (Erythrocyte)
Red Blood cells (Leukocyte)
Plasma (Thrombocyte)
consist of two testicles (gonads) located in the dorsal area of the body cavity, just in front of the kidneys
Male reproductive system
– deliver semen from the testes to the phallus
DUCTUS DEFERENS
– poultry have no external phallus but have internal protuberance
RUDIMENTARY PHALLUS
________ of males for meat production has been done surgically and by use of estrogens.
Caponizing
consist of only one ovary (left ovary) and an oviduct.
Female reproductive system
is located high in the abdominal cavity ventral to the kidney, and in mature hen consist of a cluster of thousands of follicles.
Ovary
is a large convoluted tube about 70 cm in length on the left side of the cloaca at the bottom and terminating at the anterior in a funnel-like structure called the _________ immediately ventral to the ovary
Oviduct - infundibulum
From the Latin ovarium means
egg holder
It is contained in a thin envelope of the ovary called follicle. Concurrent with egg development is the deposition of yellow and white granules.
Ovum
When the yolk is fully formed the follicle that houses it ruptures along the streak (a nonvascular suture line) called the ____.
stigma
It should be noted that there is no ___ in the
reproductive system of birds
Cervix
(Latin for common sewer), which contains openings for the reproductive, digestive and urinary tracts
Cloaca
Catches ovum, sperm storage & fertilization
Infundibulum
Secretes albumen; (longest part of the tract)
Magnum
Forms the shell membranes;
(composed of keratin)
Isthmus
Plumps the egg by water transfer and secretes the shell; chalazae develops here; sperm storage
Shell gland or uterus
Secretes mucus (cuticle);
expels egg
Vagina
is influenced by contractions of an empty crop, an empty rectum and cold and visual stimuli such as the sight of food
Appetite
• Made up of organs concerned with: feed ingestion, storage, digestion, and excretion of waste product. It consists of the alimentary tract and its accessory
organs, the liver and pancreas.
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
is subdivided into: mouth, esophagus, crop, proventriculus, gizzard, small intestine, ceca, large intestine, cloca and vent
Alimentary tract
in chickens has been prohibited in many countries because of undesirable effects when offal from these birds is fed to other livestock, and because of public health considerations
Estrogen implantation
