Chapter 4 Flashcards
very important biological unit for poultry reproduction
major finished product in poultry production
aside from meat
Chicken Egg
a well-balanced diet to the developing embryo and it provides an excellent nutrient source for human
Egg
- The oval or spherical body made of thin but rigid calcareous shell laid by birds, which contains a ball of yellowish food material, the yolk and the
white
Egg
- The grouping of egg into lots having similar characteristics as to color, weight and quality
Egg grading
- The jelly-like substance surrounding the yolk in the egg of a bird
Egg white or albumen
an egg whose shell is unbroken
Good egg
- A person engaged in the production of eggs
Producer
- Any person who markets eggs to ultimate consumers
Retailer
- An individual or organization who sells chicken eggs in commercial quantities
Wholesaler
- The yellowish spheroid mass of food material surrounded by the white in the egg
Yolk
The produce shall comply with microbial criteria
established in accordance with the Principles for the Establishment and Application of Microbiological Criteria for Foods
CAC/GL 21-1997
It is recommended that the produce covered by the
provision of this standard be prepared and handled in accordance with appropriate sections of the Recommended International Code of Practice - General Principles of Food Hygiene
CAC/RCP 1-1969, Rev 2-1985
Egg shell color of Araucana Hens
Blue
- Hens with white ear lobes lay ______ ___.
- Hens with red ear lobes lay ______ ___.
- Hens with white ear lobes lay white eggs.
- Hens with red ear lobes lay brown eggs.
*Most eggshell pigments are located in the _____
and outer portion of the ________ ____.
Cuticle and Calcified Eggshell
*Premature arrest of cuticle formation or release of
stress-related hormones called _____, will result
in the production of pale brown-shelled eggs.
Epinephrine
Normal egg shape is determined in the ______, however, the shape may be modified by abnormal or unusual conditions in the
_______ or ______.
Normal egg shape is determined in the magnum, however, the shape may be modified by abnormal or unusual conditions in the isthmus or uterus.
*Composition of egg shell
*Calcium carbonate (__ %)
*Magnesium carbonate (_ %)
*Calcium phosphate (_ %)
*Organic matter (_ %)
*Composition of egg shell
*Calcium carbonate (94 %)
*Magnesium carbonate (1 %)
*Calcium phosphate (1 %)
*Organic matter (4 %)
from Latin albus meaning white”
ALBUMEN
- ______ for unfertilized egg
- ______ for fertilized egg
- blastodisk for unfertilized egg
- blastoderm for fertilized egg
Outer covering of the egg, composed largely of calcium carbonate, may be white or brown in color depending to the breeds of hen
Shell
Yellow portion of egg where colors where varies with feed of the hen, but does not indicate nutritive content
Yolk
Holds egg yolk contents
Vitelline
Twisted, cordlike stands of egg white which anchor yolk in center of egg
Chalazae
Pocket of air formed end of egg were increased in size as egg ages
air cell
Provide protective barrier against bacterial penetration
Shell membrane
Nearest to the shell spread around thick white of high-quality egg
Thin Albumen
Major source of egg riboflavin and protein
Thick Albumen
Contains thin film called the cuticle covers the outside of a fresh egg; it dries soon and tends to seal the pores of the egg thereby reducing the loss of water and gasses and invasion by bacteria.
Shell
It provides the embryo with calcium through diffusion for bone formation and other building purposes.
Shell
- contain lysozyme, a substance
that helps prevent bacterial
infection. - Surrounds the white portion of
an egg.
Shell membrane
inner-most layer of white is twisted in a ropelike structure at each end of the yolk and forms the
_______.
Chalazae
Is composed of a series of concentric, alternating dark and light layers and its contained.
Yolk
In a thin layer yolk sac called a _____ membrane.
Vitelline
The white yolk runs out into the yellow yolk on which end finds the blastodisc
Female Germ cell
If the female cell has been fertilized by the
male germ cell at temperature higher than
__°C or __°F the embryonic development.
begins.
27°C or 80°F
*Is a tiny area on the upper surface of the
yolk.
*It is lighter in color than the rest of the
yolk ad thus easily identified.
Germ cell
The average gross composition of hens eggs is about __% shell, __% yolk and __% albumen.
10% SHELL
30% YOLK
60% ALBUMEN
(a toxic dye) is present in raw cottonseed meal and may cause olive-colored egg yolks, especially in stored eggs.
Gossypol
results from intrafollicular hemorrhage several days prior to ovulation
Blood spots
stimulates the hypothalamus to release
Gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) and
Gonadotropin inhibitory hormone (GnIH).
Light
Stimulate and inhibit the production and release of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) from the pituitary gland.
Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone (GnRH)
produces Estrogen (E2) and progesterone (P4) in response to circulatory FSH and LH and E2 and progesterone feed-back on the hypothalamus to regulate GnRH release.
Ovary
from the anterior pituitary gland, stimulates growth of ovarian follicles with their contained ova.
Follicle Stimulating Hormone
From anterior pituitary gland that is released and causes ovulation
Luteinizing Hormone
is also under hormonal control and is stimulated at the most appropriate time to receive the released ovum.
Oviduct
Formation of the eggshell is partially
controlled by hormones secreted by
parathyroid glands.
Parathyroid Hormone
*These hormones maintain normal calcium and phosphorus levels in the blood.
Parathyroid Hormone
In addition to influencing body growth and feather color and formation,
Thyroid Hormone
is partially responsible for seasonal changes in egg laying, body weight, and egg weight.
Thyroid Gland
This hormone is secreted in the hypothalamus but
is stored in and released from the posterior pituitary gland.
Oxytocin
*It causes oviposition, or the contraction of the shell gland (uterus) and hence expulsion of the fully
formed egg.
Oxytocin
This hormone is responsible for the manifestation of the maternal instinct or broodiness in chicken.
Prolactin
A hormones that affect social status of birds.
Sex Hormone
*Secretions of the adrenal glands are involved in the metabolism of carbohydrates, sodium, and
potassium and in the regulation of blood pressure.
Adrenal Hormones
