chapter 5

Question 1

culpability

Answer 1

responsibility for wrong doing

Question 2

primary victim

Answer 2

a person who is directly harms as a result of a victimizing experience

Question 3

secondary victim

Answer 3

a person who is not directly impacted by the harmful effects of a victimizing event but may witness the event or have to deal with the after effects of a victimizing event

Question 4

tertiary victim

Answer 4

a person who may suffer repercussions of victimization even though they are not directly involved in or witness to harmful event

Question 5

direct victim

Answer 5

a person who is present at the time of victimization and experiences harm

Question 6

indirect victim

Answer 6

a person who is not immediately affected by victimization but suffer nonetheless in some way as a result of it

Question 7

actual victim

Answer 7

a person who is the direct target of victimization

Question 8

vicarious victim

Answer 8

a person who does not experience direct victimization but nonetheless responds as if they had been victimized directly after learning of the event

Question 9

post traumatic stress disorder

Answer 9

a set of symptoms that emerge asa result of the stress of experiencing sever trauma

Question 10

rape trauma syndrome

Answer 10

a set of PTSD symptoms that have been linked specifically to those who have experienced servere violence in the form of sexual assault

Question 11

victim precipitation

Answer 11

the problematic assumption that victims can somehow influence or bring about their own victimization by exhibiting behaviours that provoke a victimizer

Question 12

rape myths

Answer 12

stories that reflect belief systems that reveal incorrect assumptions about the causes of sexual assault

Question 13

victim blaming

Answer 13

a process whereby a victim is found at fault fr their own victimization in whole or in part

Question 14

resilience

Answer 14

the ability to successfully recover from trauma

Question 15

blame continuum

Answer 15

the range of naming possibilities, from total quilt to total innocence, of both the victim and the victimizer

Question 16

insulators

Answer 16

social and psychological factors that protect an individual from being harmed

Question 17

personal protective factors

Answer 17

then characteristics an individual possesses to help deal with stress including coping skills, the ability to handle new situations, and social skills

Question 18

community and social support factors

Answer 18

the people and resources that support the individual experiencing traumatic stress that is community members, family, and friends that serve to insulate the community and its members from traumatizing events through prevention and or by fostering resilience

Question 19

victim

Answer 19

a person harmed, injured, or killed as the result of crime, accident, or other event or action.

Question 20

How can we learn about victim experience without causing victims harm?

Answer 20

Conduct victim surveys

Question 21

Canadian criminal justice system

Answer 21

collects data in many aspects of the victimizer experience

Question 22

The two main sources of crime data

Answer 22

1. The annual uniform crime reporting survey
2. Self-reported victimization surveys

Question 23

The annual uniform crime reporting survey

Answer 23

Record microdata on incidents, victims, and the accused based on police reports

Question 24

Self-reported victimization surveys

Answer 24

All entail victims reporting their victimization experiences to researchers

Question 25

Research on sexual assault

Answer 25

Menachem Amir
One of the first researchers to assert that victims of sexual assault could behave in such a way as to bring about their own victimization