chapter 5 Flashcards
culpability
responsibility for wrong doing
primary victim
a person who is directly harms as a result of a victimizing experience
secondary victim
a person who is not directly impacted by the harmful effects of a victimizing event but may witness the event or have to deal with the after effects of a victimizing event
tertiary victim
a person who may suffer repercussions of victimization even though they are not directly involved in or witness to harmful event
direct victim
a person who is present at the time of victimization and experiences harm
indirect victim
a person who is not immediately affected by victimization but suffer nonetheless in some way as a result of it
actual victim
a person who is the direct target of victimization
vicarious victim
a person who does not experience direct victimization but nonetheless responds as if they had been victimized directly after learning of the event
post traumatic stress disorder
a set of symptoms that emerge asa result of the stress of experiencing sever trauma
rape trauma syndrome
a set of PTSD symptoms that have been linked specifically to those who have experienced servere violence in the form of sexual assault
victim precipitation
the problematic assumption that victims can somehow influence or bring about their own victimization by exhibiting behaviours that provoke a victimizer
rape myths
stories that reflect belief systems that reveal incorrect assumptions about the causes of sexual assault
victim blaming
a process whereby a victim is found at fault fr their own victimization in whole or in part
resilience
the ability to successfully recover from trauma
blame continuum
the range of naming possibilities, from total quilt to total innocence, of both the victim and the victimizer
insulators
social and psychological factors that protect an individual from being harmed
personal protective factors
then characteristics an individual possesses to help deal with stress including coping skills, the ability to handle new situations, and social skills
community and social support factors
the people and resources that support the individual experiencing traumatic stress that is community members, family, and friends that serve to insulate the community and its members from traumatizing events through prevention and or by fostering resilience
victim
a person harmed, injured, or killed as the result of crime, accident, or other event or action.
How can we learn about victim experience without causing victims harm?
Conduct victim surveys
Canadian criminal justice system
collects data in many aspects of the victimizer experience
The two main sources of crime data
- The annual uniform crime reporting survey
- Self-reported victimization surveys
The annual uniform crime reporting survey
Record microdata on incidents, victims, and the accused based on police reports
Self-reported victimization surveys
All entail victims reporting their victimization experiences to researchers
Research on sexual assault
Menachem Amir
One of the first researchers to assert that victims of sexual assault could behave in such a way as to bring about their own victimization
