Chapter 5 Flashcards
Infection prevention
set of methods to prevent and control the spread of disease
microorganism
living thing that is so small it is only visible under a microscope
microbe
another name for microorganism
infections offur when
harmful microorganisms (pathogens) invade the body and multiply
localized infection
infection that is limited to a specific location in the body, symptoms/signs include: pain, redness, swelling, pus, drainage, heat)
systemic infection
affects the entire body and travels throughout the bloodstream and is spread throughout the body Symptoms/signs include: fever, body aches, chills, nausea, vomiting, weakness, headache, mental confusion, drop in normal blood pressure)
what are the five parts in the chain of infection
causative agent, reservoir, portal of exit, mode of transmission, portal of entry, susceptible host
causative agent
pathogen microorganism that causes disease (bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites)
reservoir
pathogens lives and multiples and is found in warm, dark, and moist places
portal of exit
any body opening on an infected person that allows pathogens to leave (eyes, nose, mouth or cut)
mode of transmission
pathogen travels through direct contact (touching the infected person/secretions) or indirect contact (touching an object contaminated by infected person such as a needle, dressing, tissue or bedlinen)
portal of entry
body opening on an uninfected person that allows pathogens to enter
susceptible host
uninfected person who could become ill
medical asepsis
measurees used to reduce and prevewnt the spread of pathogens
surgical asepsis
makes an object or area completely free of all microorganisms not just pathogens
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)
federal gov agency that makes rules to protect workers from hazards on the job
Centers for disease control and prevention (CDC)
federal gov agency that issues guidelines to protect and improve the health of individuals and communities
standard precautions
treat blood, body fluids, nonintact skin (sores, abrasions, pimples) and mucous membranes, body fluids (tears, saliva, sputum, urine, feces, semen, vaginal secretions, wound drainage and vomit) as infected. Sweat does not count
what are the guidlines in standard precautions
wash hands before putting on gloves, wear gloves if coming in contact, remove gloves when finished, wear a gown, use caution
antimicrobial agent
destroys, resists, and prevents the development of pathogens
multidrug-resistant organisims (MDRO)
microorganisms that are resistant to one or more antimicrobial agent that are commonly used for treatments such as scabies, lice, influenza
bloodborne pathogens
microorganisms found in human blood that can cause infection and disease in humans and can be found in body fluids, draining wounds, mucous membranes.
HIV
human immunodeficiency virus and can cause aids
Hepatitis
inflamation of the liver, Hep A is result of fecal-oral contamination, Hep B bloodborne disease
bloodborne pathogens standard
law requires healthcare facilities protect employees from bloodborne health hazards.
exposure control plan
eliminates and reduces employees exposure to infectious material
Tuberculosis
disease caused by bacterium that is carried on mucous droplets suspended in the air, usually affects the lungs
Two types of TB
latent Tb infection (LTBI) where you carry the disease but don’t show symptoms and cannot infect others, TB disease has symptoms such as (fatigue, loss of appetite, weight loss etc)
multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB)
form of tuberculosis that is caused byt an organism that is resistant to medication that is used to treat TB
MRSA
infection that is resistant to methicillin (symptoms include drainage, fever, chills and redness)
MDRO
microorganisms that are resistant to one or more antimicrobial agents that are commonly used for treatments
CA-MRSA)
is a type of MRSA infection that occurs in people who have not recently been admitted to a healthcare facilities and who have no past diagnosis of MRSA (manifests as skin infections)
Enterococci
bacteria that live in the digestive and gential tracts and can be treated with vancomycin if it becomes resistant to vancomycin they are called VRE (vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus)
VRE
spread through direct and indirect contact (symptoms include fever, fatigue, chills and drainage)
Clostridium difficile (C. diff or C. difficile)
spore-forming bacterium which can be part of the normal intestinal flora. It produces a toxin that causes watery diarrhea, fever, diarrhea that contains blood and mucus, nausea, lack of appetite, abdominal cramps
