Chapter 5

Question 1

Infection prevention

Answer 1

set of methods to prevent and control the spread of disease

Question 2

microorganism

Answer 2

living thing that is so small it is only visible under a microscope

Question 3

microbe

Answer 3

another name for microorganism

Question 4

infections offur when

Answer 4

harmful microorganisms (pathogens) invade the body and multiply

Question 5

localized infection

Answer 5

infection that is limited to a specific location in the body, symptoms/signs include: pain, redness, swelling, pus, drainage, heat)

Question 6

systemic infection

Answer 6

affects the entire body and travels throughout the bloodstream and is spread throughout the body Symptoms/signs include: fever, body aches, chills, nausea, vomiting, weakness, headache, mental confusion, drop in normal blood pressure)

Question 7

what are the five parts in the chain of infection

Answer 7

causative agent, reservoir, portal of exit, mode of transmission, portal of entry, susceptible host

Question 8

causative agent

Answer 8

pathogen microorganism that causes disease (bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites)

Question 9

reservoir

Answer 9

pathogens lives and multiples and is found in warm, dark, and moist places

Question 10

portal of exit

Answer 10

any body opening on an infected person that allows pathogens to leave (eyes, nose, mouth or cut)

Question 11

mode of transmission

Answer 11

pathogen travels through direct contact (touching the infected person/secretions) or indirect contact (touching an object contaminated by infected person such as a needle, dressing, tissue or bedlinen)

Question 12

portal of entry

Answer 12

body opening on an uninfected person that allows pathogens to enter

Question 13

susceptible host

Answer 13

uninfected person who could become ill

Question 14

medical asepsis

Answer 14

measurees used to reduce and prevewnt the spread of pathogens

Question 15

surgical asepsis

Answer 15

makes an object or area completely free of all microorganisms not just pathogens

Question 16

Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)

Answer 16

federal gov agency that makes rules to protect workers from hazards on the job

Question 17

Centers for disease control and prevention (CDC)

Answer 17

federal gov agency that issues guidelines to protect and improve the health of individuals and communities

Question 18

standard precautions

Answer 18

treat blood, body fluids, nonintact skin (sores, abrasions, pimples) and mucous membranes, body fluids (tears, saliva, sputum, urine, feces, semen, vaginal secretions, wound drainage and vomit) as infected. Sweat does not count

Question 19

what are the guidlines in standard precautions

Answer 19

wash hands before putting on gloves, wear gloves if coming in contact, remove gloves when finished, wear a gown, use caution

Question 20

antimicrobial agent

Answer 20

destroys, resists, and prevents the development of pathogens

Question 21

multidrug-resistant organisims (MDRO)

Answer 21

microorganisms that are resistant to one or more antimicrobial agent that are commonly used for treatments such as scabies, lice, influenza

Question 22

bloodborne pathogens

Answer 22

microorganisms found in human blood that can cause infection and disease in humans and can be found in body fluids, draining wounds, mucous membranes.

Question 23

HIV

Answer 23

human immunodeficiency virus and can cause aids

Question 24

Hepatitis

Answer 24

inflamation of the liver, Hep A is result of fecal-oral contamination, Hep B bloodborne disease

Question 25

bloodborne pathogens standard

Answer 25

law requires healthcare facilities protect employees from bloodborne health hazards.

Question 26

exposure control plan

Answer 26

eliminates and reduces employees exposure to infectious material

Question 27

Tuberculosis

Answer 27

disease caused by bacterium that is carried on mucous droplets suspended in the air, usually affects the lungs

Question 28

Two types of TB

Answer 28

latent Tb infection (LTBI) where you carry the disease but don’t show symptoms and cannot infect others, TB disease has symptoms such as (fatigue, loss of appetite, weight loss etc)

Question 29

multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB)

Answer 29

form of tuberculosis that is caused byt an organism that is resistant to medication that is used to treat TB

Question 30

MRSA

Answer 30

infection that is resistant to methicillin (symptoms include drainage, fever, chills and redness)

Question 31

MDRO

Answer 31

microorganisms that are resistant to one or more antimicrobial agents that are commonly used for treatments

Question 32

CA-MRSA)

Answer 32

is a type of MRSA infection that occurs in people who have not recently been admitted to a healthcare facilities and who have no past diagnosis of MRSA (manifests as skin infections)

Question 33

Enterococci

Answer 33

bacteria that live in the digestive and gential tracts and can be treated with vancomycin if it becomes resistant to vancomycin they are called VRE (vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus)

Question 34

VRE

Answer 34

spread through direct and indirect contact (symptoms include fever, fatigue, chills and drainage)

Question 35

Clostridium difficile (C. diff or C. difficile)

Answer 35

spore-forming bacterium which can be part of the normal intestinal flora. It produces a toxin that causes watery diarrhea, fever, diarrhea that contains blood and mucus, nausea, lack of appetite, abdominal cramps