C18 questions Flashcards
what is an acute illness? What is a chronic illness
acute means an illness that has severe symptoms that usually last a short time. Chronic is long term or long lasting
what are signs and symptoms of scabies and how is it spread
intense itching and a skin rash that may look like thin burrow tracks. Scabies is spread through direct contact with an infected person
what causes shingles
herpes zoster is a skin rash caused by the varicella zoster virus VZV which is the same virus that causes chickenpox
what is an open wound and what is a closed wound
an open wound has skin that is not intact, closed wound has skin surface not been broken
what is dermatitis and how does it generally look
refers to swelling of the skin and involves swollen reddened irritated and itchy skin
what can cause fungal infcetions
weakened immune system or by taking antibiotics
what causes arthritis
aging, injury or an autoimmune illness
what health problems can anti-inflammatory medications cause
stomach irritation or heartburn can be caused by anti-inflammatory medications
what can happen to bones when they are brittle
break easily
what can an NA do to prevent or slow osteoporosis
encourige residents to walk and do light exercise as ordered and move residents with osteoporosis very carfully
why should extremities in casts be elevated
helps stop swelling
when dressing a person who has just had a hip replacement, which side should be dressed first: the affected/weaker side or the unaffected/stronger side
dress starting with the affected/weaker side first
what is the difference between a doctors order for partial weight bearing and non weight bearing
partial weight bearing means that the resident is able to support some body weight on one or both legs, non weight bearing means that the resident is unable to touch the floor or support any weight on one or both legs
list reasons that knee replacements may be necessary
relieve pain and restore motion to a knee damaged by injury or arthritis and can help stabilize a knee that buckles or gives out repeatedly
list three physical problems that muscular dystrophy can cause
wasting away of muscle, weakness and deformity, twitching of the hand and arm muscles and legs may be weak and stiff
what is phantom limb pain and what is phantom sensation
person feels that the body part is still there and may experience warmth, tingling, or itching in the area where the limb existed. It occurs when the person feels pain in a limb that has been amputated and can persist
what causes a CVA stroke
blood supply to a part of the brain is blocked or a blood vessel leaks or ruptures within the brain
what terms should an NA use to refer to the weaker side of a person who has had a stroke
weaker or involved
when helping a resident who has had a stroke with transfers or walking, on which side should an NA stand–the weaker or stronger
the NA should stand on the weaker side
when dressing a resident with a one sided weakness which side should an NA dress first
weaker side first
in which side of the mouth should food be placed if a resident has a one sided weakness
place food in the unaffected or nonparalyzed side of the mouth
why may people with Parkinsons disease have trouble eating and bathing themselves
tremors or shaking make it hard for a person to perform ADLs such as eating or bathing
when a person has multiple sclerosis, what covering breaks down over time
the myelin sheath covers the nerves, spinal cord, and white matter of the brain
what is paraplegia what is quadriplegia
paraplegia is the loss of function of lower body and legs. Quadriplegia is the loss of function of the legs, trunk and arms
what consistent blood presssure measurment is classified as hypertension
when blood pressure is consistently 140/90 or higher a person is diagnosed as having hypertension
what is the medical term for chest pain, pressure or discomfort
angina pectoris
what are some components of a cardiac rehabilitation plan
low cholesterol, low fat died, regular exercise program, blood testing, avoiding cold temperatures, stress management
list seven care guidelines for a resident who has congestive heart failure
answer call lights, allow for rest periods, measure I&O, assist with personal care, assist with ROM exercises
what time of day should elastic stockings be put on
first thing in the morning before the resident gets out of bed
what position might a resident with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease COPD prefer to be in?
sitting upright and leaning forward slightly
what are two causes of emphysema
chronic bronchitis and cigarette smoking
how is asthma treated
medications that are given directly into the lungs using sprays or inhalers, residents with asthma should avoid triggers that bring on asthma attacks
how is bronchiectasis treated
controling infections and preventing complications. Antibiotics and postural drainage may be prescribed
when is the best time of day to collect a sputum specimen
early morning
why is proper foot care especially important for a resident with diabetes
residents have poor circulation and a small sore can grow into a large would that could result in amputation
why is it important for an NA to follow diet instructions exactly for a resident with diabetes
the intake of carbohydrates including breads, potatoes grains pastas and sugars must be regulated. Meals must be eaten at the same time each day and the resident must eat all that is served
what is a sexually transmitted infection
infections caused by sexual contact with an infected person and can be transmitted during pregnancy, childbirth, sexual contact, or contact with genitals or mouth/hands
how is human immunodeficiency virus HIV spread
HIV is a sexually transmitted disease and is also spread through blood and infected needles
what stage of HIV infection is classified as acquired immune deficiency syndrome AIDS
AIDS is the final stage of HIV infection in which infections tumors and central nervous system symptoms appear due to a weakened immune system that is unable to fight infection
because people who have HIV/AIDS are sensitive to infections, what steps should the nursing assistant follow
wash her hands often and follow standard precautions and keep everything clean
what are the side effects of chemotherapy and radiation
nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, oral sores, hair loss, fatigue, and decreased resistant to infection
