Chapter 5 Flashcards
External validity, internal validity
Validity
The degree to which the result of a study applies to individuals and realistic behaviors outside the study
External validity
The degree to which a study provide casual information about behavior
Internal validity
A data collection technique involving non-invasive observations of individuals in their natural environment
Naturalistic observation
A measure of the degree to which different observers rate behavior in similar ways
Interobserver, or interrater reliability
A research study that uses the survey observational technique to measure behavior
Survey research
Participants responses to survey questions according to the response option provided by the researcher
Closed ended respond, scale
Participants response to survey questions in any manner they feel appropriate for the question
Open ended response scale
Non-numerical participant responses
Qualitative
Numerical data
Qualitative
A data collection technique that involves direct questioning of individuals about their behavior and attitude
Interviews
Data collection technique where control is exerted over the condition under which the behavior is observed
Systematic observation
Data collection technique that involves analysis of pre-existing data
Archival data
And archival data collection technique that involves analysis of the content of an individual spoken or written report
Content analysis
A research design that involves intensive study of particular individuals and their behavior
Case study
And experiment conducted with one or a few participants to better understand the behavior of those individuals
Small n design
A type of research design that examines the relationship between multiple dependent variables without manipulating any of the variables
Correlational studies
The dependent variable in a correlational study that is used to predict the score on another variable
Predictor variable
The dependent variable in a correlational study that is been predicted by the predictor variable
Outcome variable
Relationship between variables, characterized by an increase in one variable, that it occurs with an increase in the other variable
Positive relationship
Relationship between variables, characterized by an increase in one variable that occurs with a decrease in the other variable
Negative relationship
A graph showing the relationship between two dependent variables from a group of individuals
Scatter plot
The presence of extraneous factors in a study that affects the dependent variable, and can decrease the internal validity of the study
Third variable problem
A type of research design that involves manipulation of independent variable, allowing control of extraneous is variables that could affect the results
Experiment
A variable in an experiment that is manipulated by the research that such that the levels of the variables change across or within subjects in the
Independent variable
Different situation or conditions, that participants experience in an experiment because of the manipulation of the independent variable
Levels of the independent variable
The group of participants in an experiment that experiences, the treatment level of the independent variable
Experimental group
The group of participants in an experiment that do not experienced the treatment level or the independent variable
Control group
An extraneous factor presented in a study that may affect the
Confounding variable
Hey sugar pill given to the controlled group in a drug study to allow all groups to believe that they are receiving a treatment
Placebo
A type of research design were comparison is made as in an experiment, but not random assignment of participants to group a occurs
Quasi experiment
Participants are randomly assigned to levels of independent variables in an experiment to control for individual differences an extraneous variable
Random assignment
Quasi-experiment where subjects are group based on a characteristic they are ready possess
Ex-post factor design
A type of research design or behaviors major both before and after treatment or control is implemented
Pretest posttest design
