chapter 5

Question 1

factors influencing height

Answer 1

nutrition, health condition, racial and ethnic differences

Question 2

what results from adequate nutrition

Answer 2

better cognitive development, better emotional development and better social development

Question 3

selective attention

Answer 3

ability to focus on some important elements of a problem or solution

Question 4

association areas

Answer 4

regions of the brain where sensory motor and intalectual functions are linked

Question 5

spatial cognition

Answer 5

Ability to infer the position and make predictions about the movement of objects in space

Question 6

dyslexia

Answer 6

-problems with reading and writing resulting in visual misrepresentation of words and issues with spellings
-caused by structural and functional differences in the brain

Question 7

ADHD

Answer 7

3.7% of boys and 1.5% of girls have it between 6-9
can be caused by a delay in neural development

Question 8

Decentering

Answer 8

ability to take in multiple aspects
-understands concepts of speed time and distance

Question 9

reversibility

Answer 9

understanding that some changes can be undone

Question 10

inductive logic

Answer 10

type of reasoning where general principles are inferred from specific cases

Question 11

deductive logic

Answer 11

type of reasoning based on hypothetical premises, requires predicting specific outcomes from general principles

Question 12

class inclusion

Answer 12

the understanding that subsets are included In larger supercourdinate classes

Question 13

horizontal décalage

Answer 13

the slow shift from preoperational to concrete operational thought

Question 14

siegler’s rules for problem solving

Answer 14

rule 1) take into account only 1 dimension(preoperational thought)
rule 2) take into account some part of other dimensions(transitional stage)
rule 3)take into account multiple dimensions
rule 4) understanding how all dimensions play a part

Question 15

automaticity

Answer 15

recalling information from long term memory without using short term memory, achieved with practice

Question 16

cooperative learning

Answer 16

children work in groups to achieve a common goal

Question 17

reciprocal teaching

Answer 17

students taking on the role of a teacher

Question 18

intonation

Answer 18

the tone of a sentence implying a particular meaning

Question 19

metalinguistic awareness

Answer 19

an understanding of ones own language, by 7-8 years children understand sources of miscommunication

Question 20

stages of reading

Answer 20

stage 0 (0-1st grade): letter identification
stage 1 (1st -2nd grade):phonological recoding skills
stage 2 (2-3grade): read with fluency but don’t understand entire meaning
stage 3 (4-8 grade) uses reading as a tool but can’t accommodate multiple perspectives
stage 4 (8 grade +) huge vocabulary and a lot of comprehension skills

Question 21

code based approach

Answer 21

need to focus on the individual underlying components involved in reading
for example guidided reading and systematic phonics

Question 22

whole language

Answer 22

looks at reading as a natural process that can be acquired through stories poems and guessing meaning

Question 23

types of tests

Answer 23

achievement test: assess specific Information learnt in school
Assessment: formal and informal methods used to promote children’s learning
Evaluation: assigning a grade to a Childs most consistant level of performance