chapter 2 pt 2

Question 1

Vision of a prenate

Answer 1

-minimal visual experience
-light sensitivity develop between 17th and 20th week
-holding a flashlight to belly could cause fetus to kick
-premature babies can focus and track vertically or horizontally

Question 2

prenatal hearing

Answer 2

fetuses can hear in the womb and they can recognize voices as well. Think of the cat in the hat reading experiment.

Question 3

Prenatal touch?

Answer 3

-touch is the first sense to develop(around 8 weeks)
-touch first develops around the mouth

Question 4

Prenatal taste and smell

Answer 4

Taste
-The amniotic fluid has flavour
-fetus has adult like taste buds at birth
-babies show preferences to prenatal tastes

Smell
-amniotic fluid has a smell
-preference for prenatal fluid smell

Question 5

Teratogen

Answer 5

-is an environmental agent that can produce a birth defect
-has the worst effect during phases of rapid development
-transferred through the placenta
-there can also be genetic predispositions to certain teratogens

Question 6

Mairijuana as a teratogen

Answer 6

-restric oxygen to fetus
-learning and memory deficits
-preterm births

Question 7

opioids as a teratogen

Answer 7

-babies inherit heroin addiction
-suffer from withdrawal
-cocain linked to preterm births and placental disruption

Question 8

Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder

Answer 8

-caused by pregnant mothers drinking substantial amounts of alcohol
-affects intalectual growth and causes heart and facial deformity

Question 9

Fetal alcohol effects

Answer 9

-caused by mothers drinking small amounts of alcohol
-can lead to behavioural problems and learning disorders

Question 10

neurobehavioral disorders

Answer 10

are cognitive and behavioural disorders associated with brain dysfunction such as ADHD

Question 11

Smoking as a terotegan

Answer 11

-reduces oxygen and increases carbon dioxide in fetal enviorment
-nicotine linked to slow reparation rate, preterm births and miscariges
-children of smoking 50% more likely to have intellectual disorders

Question 11

Smoking as a terotegan

Answer 11

-reduces oxygen and increases carbon dioxide in fetal enviorment
-nicotine linked to slow reparation rate, preterm births and miscariges
-children of smoking 50% more likely to have intellectual disorders

Question 12

Diet of mother

Answer 12

-A rich diet contributes to fewer complications easier labor and a healthier baby
-malunutrition could lead to intellectual disabilities

Question 13

Mental health of mother effects

Answer 13

Emotions and stress can affect prenatal development
-depression and anxiety and stress can lead to emotional and neurobehaviour disorders in children

Question 14

episiotomy

Answer 14

is and incision made to increase the size of the vaginal opening to allow the baby to pass

Question 15

How does the birthing process start

Answer 15

Brain releases corticotropin releasing hormone which triggers the pituitary gland to release oxytocin causing the uterus to contract

Question 16

Neonate

Answer 16

term used for newborns

Question 17

Apgar scale

Answer 17

standard measuring system evaluating health of a neonate

Question 18

Anoxia

Answer 18

Restriction in oxygen to the baby that occurs when the umbilical cord wraps around the babies neck

Question 19

obstetrician

Answer 19

are professionals specialized in delivering babies

Question 20

Alternative birthing procedures

Answer 20

1) Lamaze method: teaches expecting parents to deal positively with pain and to relax during labour
2)Bradley method: husband coached childbirth
3)Hypnobirthing: Involves self hypnosis to increase concentration of mothers
4)water binding: woman gives birth in water

Question 21

Preterm infants

Answer 21

-born prior to 38 weeks
-the extent of danger is indicated by birth weight
-kangaroo car can help promote weight gain which is when baby is held skin to skin
-risk of respiratory distress syndrome due to underdeveloped lungs.
-effects can show up later in life

Question 22

What are some reason premature births can occur

Answer 22

-mostly unexplained
-multiople births can place stress on mothers
-immaturity of reproductive system of parents
-quality of sperm and eggs
-teratogens

Question 23

post mature infants

Answer 23

-Babies still not born 2 weeks after due date
-c section may be suggested
-risky labour
-insufficient blood supply through placenta

Question 24

Infant mortality

Answer 24

when death occurs within the first year

Question 25

Reflexes of newborn babies

Answer 25

-automatically begin breathing
-things like sucking and swallowing
-Babinski reflex which is when you touch the bottom of a babies for they curl their toes