Chapter 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

DNA?

A

chemical substance that determines nature and function of each cell

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2
Q

Genes?

A

Basic unit of genetic information

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3
Q

Autosomes?

A

23 pairs of chromosomes, normal body cell

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4
Q

Allosomes?

A

Gamets- ovum and sperm and 23 chromosomes

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5
Q

Mitosis

A

cell replication, asexual

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6
Q

Meiosis

A

the process of the egg and sperm fermentation

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7
Q

Monozygotic Twins

A

Twins who are generally identical

-occurs from a cluster of cells splitting after fertilization

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8
Q

Dizygotic twins

A

Twins who are non identical

-two separate ova are fertilized by two separate sperms

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9
Q

What causes the sex of the child?

A

The sperm determines sex because xx is females and xy is male and the ovum will always be x and the sperm can be either x or y

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10
Q

Pea plant experiment(MENDEL)

A

planted yellow and green pea plants and discovered dominant and recessive traits.
Dominat is YY recessive is yy

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11
Q

Genotype vs Phenotype

A

Genotype is the coronation of genetic material and phenotype is what you can see.

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12
Q

Polygenic traits

A

Traits whose inheritance is controlled by multiple gene pairs

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13
Q

Homozygous vs heterozygous

A

homozygous is when a person receives the same allels YY heterozygous is when they have different allels Yy

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14
Q

Polygenic inheritance

A

The process of inheriting polygenic traits eg skin colour

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15
Q

Reaction range?

A

is the degree of variability in the expression of a trait depending on the environment.

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16
Q

Multifactorial transmission

A

process where traits are determined by both genetic factors and environmental factors.

17
Q

Three stages of development?

A

1.germinal stage (0-2 weeks)
2.Embryonic stage (2-8 weeks)
3. Fetal stage (8weeks-birth)

18
Q

What happens in germinal stage?

A

The zygote turns to a blastocyst and then implantation occurs. the umbilical cord and placenta start to form, the placenta develops from the mothers cells and the umbilical cord develops from the babies cells.

19
Q

What happens in the embryonic stage?

A

organism is called an embryo and organs start to develope from three layers the endoderm, mesoderm and ectoderm. brain starts to show weak electrical activity. starts to resemble a person

20
Q

The three layers in the embryonic stage.

A

endoderm develops digestive system and respiratory system, the mesoderm develops muscle bones and circulatory system, the ectoderm develops skin hair teeth and nervous system

21
Q

What happenes in fetal stage?

A

The child is called a fetus and the organs become more developed and start working. The fetus can move.