chapter 5

Question 1

what is one calorie (c)

Answer 1

energy required to heat 1 ml water, 1 degree

Question 2

what is one Kilocalorie (or Calorie (C))

Answer 2

energy required to heat 1 L water, 1 degree

Question 3

what is the equation for system total energy

Answer 3

system total energy = potential energy + kinetic energy

Question 4

what is an endergonic process

Answer 4

chemical reactions that store or absorb energy with free energy increase for biological work (uphill process)

Question 5

what is an exergonic process

Answer 5

any physical or chemical process that releases energy to surroundings with free energy decline (downhill process)

Question 6

second law of thermodynamics

Answer 6

tendency of potential energy to degrade to kinetic energy of motion with a lower capacity for work

Question 7

factors that affect the rate of bioenergetics

Answer 7

1. enzymes- accelerate chemical reactions
2. coenzymes- facilitate enzyme action

Question 8

what is the lock and key mechanism

Answer 8

when in the active site the enzyme turns on to meet the perfect match of a substrate, it then splits to yield the desired product

Question 9

mass action effect

Answer 9

chemical process of the progress toward products with the addition of reactions

Question 10

what is hydrolysis

Answer 10

breaking down of water molecules in combination with other substances to create a new substance

Question 11

what is condensation

Answer 11

components bind together to form more complex molecules and water

Question 12

oxidation

Answer 12

loss of electrons, net gain in change

Question 13

reduction

Answer 13

gain of electrons, net decrease in change

Question 14

first law of thermodynamics

Answer 14

energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transforms from one form to another without depleted

Question 15

how many enzymes does a mitochondria have

Answer 15

10 billion

Question 16

types of biological work in humans

Answer 16

1. chemical
2. mechanical
3. transport