chapter 18

Question 1

tendon

Answer 1

tissue connecting muscle to periosteum of bone

Question 2

what are the layers of connective tissue

Answer 2

• endomysium
  -perimysium
• epimysium

Question 3

sarcolemma

Answer 3

muscle cell membrane

Question 4

sarcomere

Answer 4

runs for z line to z line
functional unit of a muscle fiber (CONTRACTILE UNIT)

Question 5

what is required for contraction of actin-myosin

Answer 5

• atp: provide energy to cross bridge
• Ca++: uncovering the actin site for actin-myosin connection

Question 6

each triad contains

Answer 6

• 2 vesicles (terminal cisternae)
• 1 T tubules (transverse tubule)

Question 7

endomysium wraps each

Answer 7

fiber / cell

Question 8

perimysium surrounds several fibers and forms bundles called

Answer 8

fasciculi

Question 9

epimysium surrounds all the bundles to form the entire

Answer 9

muscle

Question 10

fiber arrangement influences

Answer 10

• force generating capacity
• physiologic cross sections (right angles)

Question 11

satellite cells

Answer 11

myogenic stem cells located within the sarcolemma (help regenerative cell growth, play a role in hypertrophy

Question 12

sarcoplamic reticulum

Answer 12

network of tubules and vesicles, provides structural integrity, stores, releases and reabsorbs Ca++

Question 13

actin filaments lie in ________ pattern around myosin

Answer 13

hexagonal

Question 14

calcium role in actin-myosin connection

Answer 14

calcium attaches to troponin complex to move tropomyosin off of binding site

Question 15

ATP role in actin-myosin connection

Answer 15

provides energy for cross-bridge formation, is broken down to create ADP and Pi with ATPase

Question 16

what transmitter for neuron to neuron connection

Answer 16

positive or negative so could be ach gaba or glycine

Question 17

what transmitter for neuron to muscle fiber

Answer 17

positive so ach to depolarize

Question 18

fiber type for endurance athletes

Answer 18

type 1 (slow twitch)

Question 19

fiber type for speed and power athletes

Answer 19

type 2 (fast twitch a and b)

Question 20

two distinct fiber types identifiied by characteristics

Answer 20

contractile and metabolic

Question 21

Slow twitch fiber characteristics

Answer 21

• low myosin ATPase activity
• slower Ca++ release and uptake by sarcoplasmic reticulum
• low glycolytic capacity
• large and numerous mitochondria

Question 22

fast twitch fiber characteristics

Answer 22

• high capacity for action potentials
• high mysosin ATPase and rapid Ca++ release
• capable of high force generation
• rely on anaerobic metabolism

Question 23

fast twitch subdivisions

Answer 23

IIa: capacity fot both aerobic and anaerobic energy production
IIb: relies on anaerobic energy production, most rapid shortening velocity

Question 24

motor unit

Answer 24

one motor neuron and all the fibers it innervates