chapter 20

Question 1

endocrine glands

Answer 1

ductless and secrete substances directly into extracellular spaces

Question 2

major endocrine glands (6)

Answer 2

pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, pineal, thymus

Question 3

example of peptide hormones

Answer 3

insulin and glucagon

Question 4

example of catecholamines

Answer 4

epinphrine and norepinphrine

Question 5

example of thyroid hormones

Answer 5

thyroxine

Question 6

factors that stimulate endocrine gland activity

Answer 6

hormonal stimulation
humoral stimulation
neural stimulation

Question 7

example of hormonal stimulation

Answer 7

adrenal cortex release of cortisol

Question 8

example of humoral stimulation

Answer 8

blood sugar levels affect pancreas release of insulin and glucagon

Question 9

example of neural stimulation

Answer 9

adrenal medulla to release epinphrin and norepinphrine

Question 10

where are anterior pituitary hormones located

Answer 10

beneath the base of the brain and secretes polypeptide hormones

Question 11

important things the anterior pituitary gland secretes (2)

Answer 11

ACTH (corticotropin) for adrenal cortex
thyrotropin for thyroid

Question 12

ACTH functions

Answer 12

regulate adrenal cortex output
enhances free fatty acid mobilization
increase gluconeogenesis
stimulate protein catabolism

Question 13

______________ and ________________ mediate ACTH release

Answer 13

Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) & arginine vasopressin (AVP)

Question 14

__________ physical activity favours AVP release

Answer 14

intense

Question 15

____________ physical activity favours CRH release

Answer 15

prolonged

Question 16

posterior pituitary hormone stores

Answer 16

antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and oxytocin

Question 17

exercise increases ______________ in the blood

Answer 17

catecholamines

Question 18

medulla purpose

Answer 18

prolongs and augments sympathetic effects by secreting epinephrine and norepinephrine

Question 19

cortex purpose

Answer 19

secretes adrenocortical hormones that fit functionally into one of the three groups (mineralcorticoids, glucorticoids, and angrogens)

Question 20

cortisol affects glucose, protein and FFA metabolism six ways

Answer 20

1. promotes breakdown of protein AAs
2. supports action of other hormones
3. serves as an insulin antagonist by inhibiting cellular glucose uptake and oxidation
4. promotes TCG breakdown
5. suppresses immune system function
6. produces negative calcium balance

Question 21

pancreas consists of two different types of tissues

Answer 21

acini and islets of langerhans

Question 22

islets comprised of ___ % alpha cells that secrete ____

Answer 22

20 & glucagon

Question 23

islets comprised of ___ % beta cells that secrete _______

Answer 23

75 & insulin

Question 24

endurance training produces a

Answer 24

decline in hormonal response and magnitude

Question 25

during maximal exercise, trained subjects have an _______________ hormonal response than sedentary counterparts

Answer 25

identical or somewhat greater