chapter 20 Flashcards
endocrine glands
ductless and secrete substances directly into extracellular spaces
major endocrine glands (6)
pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, pineal, thymus
example of peptide hormones
insulin and glucagon
example of catecholamines
epinphrine and norepinphrine
example of thyroid hormones
thyroxine
factors that stimulate endocrine gland activity
hormonal stimulation
humoral stimulation
neural stimulation
example of hormonal stimulation
adrenal cortex release of cortisol
example of humoral stimulation
blood sugar levels affect pancreas release of insulin and glucagon
example of neural stimulation
adrenal medulla to release epinphrin and norepinphrine
where are anterior pituitary hormones located
beneath the base of the brain and secretes polypeptide hormones
important things the anterior pituitary gland secretes (2)
ACTH (corticotropin) for adrenal cortex
thyrotropin for thyroid
ACTH functions
regulate adrenal cortex output
enhances free fatty acid mobilization
increase gluconeogenesis
stimulate protein catabolism
______________ and ________________ mediate ACTH release
Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) & arginine vasopressin (AVP)
__________ physical activity favours AVP release
intense
____________ physical activity favours CRH release
prolonged
posterior pituitary hormone stores
antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and oxytocin
exercise increases ______________ in the blood
catecholamines
medulla purpose
prolongs and augments sympathetic effects by secreting epinephrine and norepinephrine
cortex purpose
secretes adrenocortical hormones that fit functionally into one of the three groups (mineralcorticoids, glucorticoids, and angrogens)
cortisol affects glucose, protein and FFA metabolism six ways
- promotes breakdown of protein AAs
- supports action of other hormones
- serves as an insulin antagonist by inhibiting cellular glucose uptake and oxidation
- promotes TCG breakdown
- suppresses immune system function
- produces negative calcium balance
pancreas consists of two different types of tissues
acini and islets of langerhans
islets comprised of ___ % alpha cells that secrete ____
20 & glucagon
islets comprised of ___ % beta cells that secrete _______
75 & insulin
endurance training produces a
decline in hormonal response and magnitude
during maximal exercise, trained subjects have an _______________ hormonal response than sedentary counterparts
identical or somewhat greater
