chapter 17

Question 1

cardiovascular drift

Answer 1

occurs during longer periods of exercise, the hr increases to make up for the decrease in stroke volume because of fatigue or dehydration

Question 2

CO differences between endurance athlete and sedentary person

Answer 2

sedentary people will have a higher resting heart rate as they have to work harder to move blood throughout the body, their stroke volume is also not very high.
endurance athletes will have a lower resting heart rate and a higher stroke volume because their heart works better so they would have a higher max cardiac output

Question 3

effects of the frank-starling mechanism during physical activity

Answer 3

there is a more powerful ejection stroke proportional to the force of contraction which follows the mechanism and allows for more blood to be pumped through the heart when needed in a time like physical activity

Question 4

average cardiac output for male and female

Answer 4

male - approx. 5L per min
female - approx. 4L per min

Question 5

mechanism that could increase SV during exercise

Answer 5

• enhanced cardiac filling in diastole with a bigger systole contraction
• normal filling with more forceful ejection and emptying during systole
• training adaptations that expand blood volume

Question 6

why do adult females and teenagers have 10% larger cardiac output than males while exercising

Answer 6

because of their 10% lower Hb concentration

Question 7

factors that increase avo2 difference during exercise

Answer 7

1. decrease pvo2
2. right shift of O2 hb curve

Question 8

mechanisms for increased SV with training

Answer 8

• increased blood volume (increased diastolic filling)
• increased preload (starling)
• increased contractility (greater systolic emptying)

Question 9

upper body exercise results in max O2 consumption approx. ___ - ___% lower than lower body exercise

Answer 9

20-30%

Question 10

power output with ______ body exercise provides greater physiologic strain than ______ body

Answer 10

upper & lower