Chapter 5 Flashcards
Health Belief Model (HBM) History
- Devolved in 1950s to explain failure to participants in prevention and detection of disease (used for TB patients)
-used to study behavior response to opportunity to detect diseases and receive diagnoses
Health Belief Model (HBM) History
Major approaches to explain behavior, 1950s
- Stimulus-Response Theory
-Events physiological drives automatic behavior
-No mental processes required
-B.F. Skinner - Cognitive Theory (a value-expectancy model)
-Events expectations behavior, requires mental processes
HBM constructs built on Cognitive Theory
Health Belief Model
People are likely to engage in a health behavior if they believe:
People are likely to engage in a health behavior if they believe:
- They are susceptible to the condition;
- The condition may have serious consequences;
- Action is available and may reduce risk or severity of the condition;
- There are benefits to taking action;
- The perceived barriers are not strong enough to prevent action.
What are the Key Constructs for the HBM
- Perceived Susceptibility
- Perceived Severity
- Perceived Threat
- Perceived Benefits
- Perceived Barriers
- Cues to Action
- Self-Efficacy
Perceived Susceptibility
Definition: belief about the likelihood of getting a disease or condition
Example: A woman must believe she is at risk of breast cancer before she decides to a get a mammogram
Perceived Severity
Definition: belief about the seriousness of contracting an illness or condition or of leaving it untreated
Includes physical and social consequences
Example: A woman believes breast cancer would be very serious, require painful chemotherapy, and reduce her ability to work
Perceived Threat
Definition: perceived susceptibility (X) perceived severity
-Multiplicative
Example: Threat= her belief about risk of break cancer (X) the pain of chemotherapy and loss of income due to missed work
Perceived Benefits
Definition: beliefs about positive effects or advantages of a recommended action to reduce threat.
-Tangible or social
Example: She believes a mammogram can detect breast cancer in an earlier stage when it is more treatable
Perceived Barriers
Definition: possible obstacles resulting from an action
-Tangible or psychological
Example: She is fearful of the results of the mammogram and is distressed about the pain of the procedure
Cues to Action
Definition: factors that instigate action
-Internal or external
-Not well-defined or systematically studied
Example: Her primary care doctor recommended she schedule a mammogram for next month
Self-Efficacy
Definition: belief that one can successfully execute behavior
Example: She believes she is physically and mentally capable of completing a mammogram and receiving the results
Other Variables in HBM
Demographic, structural, and psychosocial factors affect beliefs and influence health behaviors
-Their relationships and interactions not specified
-May moderate relations b/w beliefs and behaviors
Strengths of the HBM
- Tailored to individual needs
- Used to predict or explain health behaviors
- Intuitive conceptualization and modifiable constructs
Limitations of the HBM
- Little known about the relationships between constructs, direct effects vs. moderation
- Self-efficacy needs additional measurement and testing
- Cues to action not adequately researched
Future Directions
- Investigate whether HBM constructs predict behavior or mediate relationships to behavior
- Structural equation modeling - Need reviews of whether self-efficacy increases predictive validity of HBM
- HBM measures should be tested for reliability and validity before used
