Chapter 12

Question 1

What is the perception that a situation exceeds psychological, social, or material resources to cope?

Answer 1

Stress

Question 2

What are Demands made by the environment that upset balance or homeostasis, affecting physical and psychological well-being and requiring action to restore equilibrium ?

Answer 2

Stressors

Question 3

What is a Resistance to the negative impacts of stress?

Answer 3

Resilience

Question 4

Stress can contribute to illness through:

Answer 4

• Direct physiological effects
• Indirect effects via maladaptive health behaviors

Question 5

A classic framework for evaluating processes of coping with stressful events

Answer 5

Transactional Model of Stress and Coping

Question 6

When faced with a stressor, a person…….

Answer 6

• Evaluates potential threats: primary appraisal
• Evaluates his/her capacity to alter the situation and mange negative emotional reactions: secondary appraisal

Question 7

Which type of appraisal?

• Personal risk and threat severity can prompt coping efforts
• Heightened perceptions of risk can also generate distress or escape-avoidance behaviors

Answer 7

Primary Appraisal

Question 8

Which type of appraisal?

• Related to perceptions of control over illness
• High perceived control may increase likelihood of adopting recommended health behaviors

Answer 8

Secondary Appraisal

Question 9

_______ ___________: directed at changing the stressful situation; more adaptive for changeable stressors

Answer 9

Problem management

Question 10

_______ _________: directed at changing the way one thinks or feels about a stressful situation; more adaptive for unchangeable stressors

Answer 10

Emotional regulation

Question 11

Main categories of coping outcomes:

Answer 11

• Emotional well-being
• Functional status
• Health behaviors

Question 12

______ ______are stable dispositional characteristics that reflect generalized tendencies to interpret and respond to stress (extension of the Transactional Model)

Answer 12

Coping styles

Question 13

Which coping style?

• Having positive generalized expectancies for outcomes
• Found to be a significant predictor of positive physical health across outcomes

Answer 13

Optimism

Question 14

Which coping style?

• Refers to the act of finding benefit in a stressor
• Shown to be associated with positive reappraisal and active coping

Answer 14

Benefit finding

Question 15

Which coping style?

• Unclear whether information seeking is adaptive across situations and people
• Associated with increased knowledge among cancer patients

Answer 15

Informational seeking

Question 16

Which coping style?

• Evidence exists for the direct effects of social support on health outcomes
• Stress buffering: social support is more effective if stress is present/ worsens
• Can be harmful when social ties discourage disclosure/give negative support

Answer 16

Social Support

Question 17

The _____ ______________ hypothesis posits that that persistent and highly active coping coupled with severe constraints can result in negative health effects

Answer 17

John Henryism

Question 18

_____ stress involves activation of the hypothalmic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and/or the sympathetic nervous system

Answer 18

Acute stress

Question 19

This model Describes the physiological impacts of “wear and tear” that individuals experience when chronically exposed to stress/stressors

Answer 19

Allostatic load model