Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology 110 > Chapter 49 - The Circulatory System > Flashcards

Chapter 49 - The Circulatory System Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Which groups lack a separate circulatory system?

A
  1. Sponges
  2. Cnidarians
  3. Nematodes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Why do sponges, cnidarians, and nematodes lack a circulatory system?

A

They are small enough, having a small surface area, that oxygen and nutrients can get to all the cells through diffusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

No distinction between circulating and extracellular fluid

A

Open Circulatory Sytem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The fluid in an open circulatory system

A

Hemolymph

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Distinct circulatory fluid (blood) enclosed in vessels and transported away from and back to the heart

A

Closed Circulatory System

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Path of blood in fish circulation

A
  1. Body
  2. Heart
  3. Gills
  4. Body
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Who evolved a circulation system first?

A

Fish

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Who evolved the first chamber pump heart?

A

Fishes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How are the fishes heart set up?

A

Four structures are arranged one after the other to form two muscular pumping chambers.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

The two muscular pumping chambers in a fish

A

Atrium and Ventricle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Which chamber of the fishes heart is the stronger?

A

Ventricle because they have to pump blood to the whole body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Land vertebrates have lungs that require what?

A

Double Circulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

The two circulation systems in a land vertebrates

A
  1. Pulmonary Circulation

2. Systematic Circulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

The flow in pulmonary circulation

A
  1. Heart
  2. Lungs
  3. Heart
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

The flow in systemic circulation

A
  1. Heart
  2. Body
  3. Heart
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Amphibian/Reptile Circulation have how many chambers in their heart?

A

Three chambered heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What does the three chambered heart consist of?

A

Two atria and one ventricle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Amphibians obtain additional oxygen through ______

A

Cutaneous Respiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

In a three chambered heart, oxygenated and deoxygenated blood ________

A

Mix but very little

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Mammals and archosaurs have how many chambers in their heart?

A

Four chambered heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

The anatomy of the four chambered

A

Two separate atria and two separate ventricle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

The heart has two pairs of valves

A
  1. Atrioventricular (AV) Valves

2. Semilunar Valves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Guard the openings between atria and ventricles. Left and right or bicuspid and tricuspid.

A

Atrioventricular (AV) Valves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Overview of blood flow in the heart

A
  1. Superior Vena Cava
  2. Right Atrium
  3. Atrioventricular Valves
  4. Right Ventricle
  5. Pulmonary Artery
  6. Lungs (Get Oxygen)
  7. Pulmonary Veins
  8. Left Atrium
  9. Bicuspid Valve
  10. Left Ventricle
  11. Aortic Valve (Aorta)
  12. To the rest of the body
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Guard the exits from the ventricles to the arterial system

A

Semilunar Valve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Two parts of the semilunar valve

A
  1. Pulmonary Valve (right)

2. Aortic Valve (left)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Supply the heart muscle itself

A

Coronary arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Brings blood back to the heart

A

Cardiac Veins

29
Q

Valves open and close as the heart goes through the cardiac cycle of rest called __________

A

Diastole

30
Q

Valves open and close as the heart goes through the cardiac cycle and contracts called the _________

A

Systole

31
Q

The heart contracts starting at the _______

A

Sinoatrial (SA) Node

32
Q

Three characteristics of the Sinoatrial (SA) Node

A
  1. In the right atrium
  2. Acts as a pacemaker for the rest of the heart
  3. Produces spontaneous action potentials that proliferate down the heart and causes a heartbeat
33
Q

Blood leaves the heart through _______

A

Arteries

34
Q

__________ are the finest, microscopic branches of the arterial tree

A

Arterioles

35
Q

Blood from arterioles enters the ________

A

Capillaries

36
Q

Blood from capillaries collects in the _______

A

Venules

37
Q

The blood from the venules leads to larger vessels, called _______-

A

Veins

38
Q

What carries the blood back to the heart?

A

Veins

39
Q

Order of blood flow through vessels

A
  1. Arterioles
  2. Arteries
  3. Capillaries (Oxygen exchange happens)
  4. Venules
  5. Veins
40
Q

Arteries and veins are composed of four tissue layers

A
  1. Endothelium (Epithelium)
  2. Elastic Fibers
  3. Smooth Muscle
  4. Connective Tissue
41
Q

Are composed of only a single layer of enothelial cells

A

Capillaries

42
Q

What is the job of capillaries?

A

Allow rapid exchange of gases and metabolites between blood and body cells

43
Q

Has vasoconstrictions and vasodilations

A

Arteries and Arterioles

44
Q

Contraction of the smooth muscle layer

A

Vasoconstriction

45
Q

Relaxation of the smooth muscles layer results in

A

Vasodilation

46
Q
  • Have thinner layer of smooth muscles than arteries

- Return blood to the heart with help of skeletal muscle contractions and one way venous valves

A

Veins and venules

47
Q

___________ return blood to the heart with help of skeletal muscle contractions and one way venous valves called ________

A
  1. Veins and venules

2. Venous Valves

48
Q

Two cardiovascular diseases

A
  1. Heart Attacks

2. Stroke

49
Q

Three facts about heart attacks

A
  1. Also called Myocardial Infarctions
  2. Main cause of cardiovascular deaths in U.S.
  3. Insufficient supply of blood to the heart
50
Q

What causes a stroke?

A

Interference with blood supply to the brain

51
Q

Is a connective tissue composed of a fluid matrix, called plasma, within which are found different cells and formed elements.

A

Blood

52
Q

The fluid matrix in blood

A

Plasma

53
Q

What is in the plasma?

A

Different cells and formed elements

54
Q

The functions of circulating blood are

A
  1. Transportation of materials
  2. Regulation of body functions
  3. Protection from injury and invasion
55
Q

What percentage of the plasma is water?

A

92%

56
Q

What solute are in the plasma?

A 
Nutrients
Wastes
Hormones
Ions
Proteins
57
Q

If protein is removed, the plasma is called _______

A

Serum

58
Q

The formed elements include ______________

A

Red Blood Cells
White Blood Cells
Platelets

59
Q

Another name for red blood cells

A

Erythrocytes

60
Q

Red blood cells of vertebrates contain _________

A

Hemoglobin

61
Q

A pigment that binds and transports oxygen

A

Hemoglobin

62
Q

Another name for while blood cells

A

Leukocytes

63
Q

Amount of red blood cells in blood?

A

5 million per microliter of blood

64
Q

Percentage of white blood cells in blood

A

Less than 1% of blood cells

65
Q

Three defining characteristics of leukocytes

A
  1. Larger than erythrocytes
  2. Have nuclei
  3. Can migrate out of capillaries
66
Q

Are cell fragments that pinch off from larger cells in the bone marrow
- Function in the formation of blood clots

A

Platelets

67
Q

All of the elements of blood develop from _________-

A

Pluripotent Stem Cells

68
Q

Is blood cell production

A

Hematopoiesis

Biology 110 (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions