Chapter 48.1 Flashcards
1
Q
Neurons
A
- Neurons are nerve cells that transfer information within the body
- Neurons use two types of signals to communicate: electrical signals (long-distance) and chemical signals (short-distance)
2
Q
Sensory Neurons
A
- Sensors detect external stimuli and internal conditions and transmit information along sensory neurons
3
Q
Interneurons
A
- Sensory information is sent to the brain or ganglia, where interneurons integrate the information
4
Q
Motor Neurons
A
- Motor output leaves the brain or ganglia via motor neurons, which trigger muscle or gland activity
5
Q
Nervous System
A
- Many animals have a complex nervous system that consists of
- A central nervous system (CNS) where integration takes place; this includes the brain and a nerve cord
- A peripheral nervous system (PNS), which carries information into and out of the CNS
- The neurons of the PNS, when bundled together, form nerves
6
Q
Dendrites
A
- Most neurons have dendrites, highly branched extensions that receive signals from other neurons
7
Q
Axon
A
- The axon is typically a much longer extension that transmits signals to other cells at synapses
8
Q
Axon Hillock
A
- The cone-shaped base of an axon is called the axon hillock
9
Q
Synaptic Terminal
A
- The synaptic terminal of one axon passes information across the synapse in the form of chemical messengers called neurotransmitters
10
Q
Synapse
A
- A synapse is a junction between an axon and another cell-
11
Q
Synaptic Cleft
A
- the space in between the axon of one neuron and the dendrites of another and is where the electrical signal is translated to a chemical signal that can be perceived by the next neuron.
12
Q
Synaptic Cell
A
- Information is transmitted from a presynaptic cell (a neuron) to a postsynaptic cell (a neuron, muscle, or gland cell)
13
Q
Glia
A
- Most neurons are nourished or insulated by cells called glia (Supporting cells)
