Chapter 35.1

Question 1

Tissue

Answer 1

A tissue is a group of cells consisting of one or more cell types that together perform a specialized function

Question 2

Organ

Answer 2

An organ consists of several types of tissues that together carry out particular functions

Question 3

Root System

Answer 3

The roots of a plant

Question 4

Shoot System

Answer 4

consists of leaves, stems, flowers, and fruits

Question 5

Root

Answer 5

Anchoring the plant
Absorbing minerals and water
Storing carbohydrates

Question 6

Taproot

Answer 6

A taproot, the main vertical root

Question 7

Lateral Roots

Answer 7

Lateral roots, or branch roots, that arise from the taproot

Question 8

Root Hairs

Answer 8

absorption of water and minerals occurs near the root hairs

Question 9

Stem

Answer 9

A stem is an organ consisting of nodes and internodes

Question 10

Nodes

Answer 10

A point of attachment of a leaf or a twig on the stem in seed plants

Question 11

Internodes

Answer 11

the stem segments between nodes

Question 12

Axillary Bud

Answer 12

An axillary bud is a structure that has the potential to form a lateral shoot, or branch

Question 13

Apical Bud

Answer 13

An apical bud, or terminal bud, is located near the shoot tip and causes elongation of a young shoot

Question 14

Apical Dominance

Answer 14

Apical dominance helps to maintain dormancy in most axillary buds

Question 15

Leaf

Answer 15

The leaf is the main photosynthetic organ of most vascular plants

Question 16

Blade

Answer 16

The leaf of a plant

Question 17

Petiole

Answer 17

Leaves generally consist of a flattened blade and a stalk called the petiole

Question 18

Veins

Answer 18

Most monocots have parallel veins
Most eudicots have branching veins

Question 19

Dermal Tissue System

Answer 19

In nonwoody plants, the dermal tissue system consists of the epidermis

Question 20

Cuticle

Answer 20

A waxy coating called the cuticle helps prevent water loss from the epidermis

Question 21

Periderm

Answer 21

In woody plants, protective tissues called periderm replace the epidermis in older regions of stems and roots

Question 22

Vascular Tissue System

Answer 22

The vascular tissue system carries out long-distance transport of materials between roots and shoots

Question 23

Xylem

Answer 23

Xylem conveys water and dissolved minerals upward from roots into the shoots

Question 24

Phloem

Answer 24

Phloem transports organic nutrients from where they are made to where they are needed

Question 25

Stele

Answer 25

The vascular tissue of a stem or root is collectively called the stele

Question 26

Ground Tissue System

Answer 26

Tissues that are neither dermal nor vascular are the ground tissue system

Question 27

Pith

Answer 27

Ground tissue internal to the vascular tissue is pith

Question 28

Cortex

Answer 28

ground tissue external to the vascular tissue is cortex

Question 29

Parenchyma Cells

Answer 29

Have thin and flexible primary walls
Lack secondary walls
Are the least specialized
Perform the most metabolic functions
Retain the ability to divide and differentiate

Question 30

Collenchyma Cells

Answer 30

Collenchyma cells are grouped in strands and help support young parts of the plant shoot

Question 31

Sclerenchyma cells

Answer 31

they are rigid because of thick secondary walls strengthened with lignin

Question 32

Sclereids

Answer 32

Sclereids are short and irregular in shape and have thick lignified secondary walls

Question 33

FIbers

Answer 33

Fibers are long and slender and arranged in threads

Question 34

Tracheids

Answer 34

Tracheids are found in the xylem of all vascular plants

Question 35

Vesel Elements

Answer 35

Vessel elements align end to end to form long micropipes called vessels

Question 36

Sieve-Tube Elements

Answer 36

Sieve-tube elements are alive at functional maturity, though they lack organelles

Question 37

Sieve Plates

Answer 37

Sieve plates are the porous end walls that allow fluid to flow between cells along the sieve tube

Question 38

Companion Cell

Answer 38

Each sieve-tube element has a companion cell whose nucleus and ribosomes serve both cells