Chapter 27.1

Question 1

Peptidoglycan

Answer 1

Bacterial cell walls contain peptidoglycan, a network of sugar polymers cross-linked by polypeptides

Question 2

Gram Stain

Answer 2

Scientists use the Gram stain to classify bacteria by cell wall composition

Question 3

Gram-Stain Type:

Gram-Positive

Answer 3

Gram-positive bacteria have simpler walls with a large amount of peptidoglycan

Question 4

Gram-Stain Type:

Gram-Negative

Answer 4

Gram-negative bacteria have less peptidoglycan and an outer membrane that can be toxic

Question 5

Capsule

Answer 5

A polysaccharide or protein layer called a capsule covers many prokaryotes

Question 6

Fimbriae

Answer 6

Some prokaryotes have fimbriae, which allow them to stick to their substrate or other individuals in a colony

Question 7

Pili

(or Sex Pili)

Answer 7

Pili (or sex pili) are longer than fimbriae and allow prokaryotes to exchange DNA

Question 8

Taxis

Answer 8

the ability to move toward or away from a stimulus

In a heterogeneous environment, many bacteria exhibit taxis

Question 9

Nucleoid

Answer 9

The chromosome is not surrounded by a membrane; it is located in the nucleoid region

Question 10

Plasmids

Answer 10

Some species of bacteria also have smaller rings of DNA called plasmids

Question 11

Endospores

Answer 11

Many prokaryotes form metabolically inactive endospores

can remain viable in harsh conditions for centuries