Chapter 48: Management of Patients w/ Kidney Disorders Flashcards
Fluid Volume Overload
Fluid intake exceeds the ability of the kidneys to excrete fluid
Clinical Manifestations of Fluid Volume Overload
Acute weight gain ≥5%
Edema
Crackles, SOB
Decreased BUN, decreased hematocrit
Distended neck veins
General Management Strategies of Fluid Volume Overload
Fluid and sodium restriction, diuretic agents, & dialysis
Fluid Volume Deficit
If fluid intake is inadequate, the patient is said to be volume depleted
Clinical Manifestations of Fluid Volume Deficit
Acute weight loss ≥5%
Decreased skin turgor, dry mucous membranes
Oliguria or anuria
Increased hematocrit
BUN level increased out of proportion to creatinine level
Hypothermia
General Management Strategies for Fluid Volume Deficit
Fluid challenge, fluid replacement orally or parenterally
Clinical Manifestations of Hyponatremia
Nausea
Malaise, lethargy
Headache
Abdominal cramps
Apprehension, seizures
General Management Strategies for Hyponatremia
Diet, NS or hypertonic saline solutions
Clinical Manifestations of Hypernatremia
Dry, sticky mucous membranes, thirst, rough dry tongue, fever, restlessness, weakness, disorientation
General Management Strategies for Hypernatremia
Fluids, diuretic agents, dietary restriction
Clinical Manifestations of Hypokalemia
General Management Strategies for Hyperkalemia
Clinical Manifestations of Hypocalcemia
General Management Strategies for Hypocalcemia
Clinical Manifestations of Hypercalcemia
General Management Strategies for Hypercalcemia
Clinical Manifestations of Metabolic Acidosis
General Management Strategies for Metabolic Acidosis
Clinical Manifestations of Metabolic Alkalosis
General Management Strategies for Metabolic Alkalosis
Clinical Manifestations of Hypoalbuminemia
General Management Strategies for Hypoalbuminemia
Intake & Output (I & O) Record
Used to document important fluid parameters, including the amount of fluid taken in (orally or parenterally), the volume of urine excreted, and other fluid losses (diarrhea, vomiting, diaphoresis)
What is a more accurate depiction of a patient’s volume status: I & O record or daily weights?
Daily weights