Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

NURS3313 Adult Health > Chapter 21 Assessment of Cardiovascular Function > Flashcards

Chapter 21 Assessment of Cardiovascular Function Flashcards

1
Q

Function of the Heart

A

Pump blood to tissues (supplies them w/O2 & other nutrients)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Layers of the Heart (3)

A

Endocardium, Myocardium, & Epicardium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Endocardium

A

Consists of endothelial tissues and lines the inside of the heart and valves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Myocardium

A

Middle layer of the heart composed of muscle fibers & is responsible for the pumping action

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Epicardium

A

Exterior layer of the heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Pericardium

A

A thin, fibrous sac that protects the heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Pericardial Space

A

The space between the pericardium’s two layers that is filled w/ ~20 mL of fluid
-Lubricates the surface of the heart
-Reduces friction during systole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Diastole

A

All 4 chambers of the heart relax simultaneously, which allows the ventricles to fill in prep for contraction
-Ventricular filling phase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Systole

A

Period of ventricular contraction resulting in ejection of blood from the ventricles into the pulmonary artery & aorta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What comes first? Atrial systole or diastole?

A

Atrial systole comes first, at the end of diastole, followed by ventricular systole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Where does the right side of the heart distribute blood to?

A

The RT side of the heart (RT atrium & RT ventricle) distributes venous blood to the lungs via pulmonary artery for oxygenation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the only artery in the body that carries deoxygenated blood?

A

The pulmonary artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

From where does the RT atrium get blood from?

A

Superior vena cava: Head, neck, & upper extremities

Inferior vena cava: Trunk & lower extremities

Coronary sinus: Coronary circulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Where does the left side of the heart distribute blood to?

A

The LT side of the heart (LT atrium & LT ventricle) distributes oxygenated blood to the remainder of the body via the aorta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Where does the LT atrium receive blood from?

A

Receives oxygenated blood from pulmonary circulation via 4 pulmonary veins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Apical impulse

A

Impulse normally palpated at the 5th intercostal space, LT midclavicular line
-Caused by LT ventricular contraction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Atrioventricular (AV) Valves

A

Separate the atria from the ventricles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Tricuspid Valve

A

Composed of 3 leaflets that separate the RT atrium from the RT ventricle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Mitral/Bicuspid Valve

A

Composed of 2 cusps that lies between the LT atrium from the LT ventricle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Coronary Arteries

A

Supply the heart with blood & nutrients
-LT main coronary (LT descending & circumflex)
-RT main coronary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Where do the coronary arteries originate from?

A

They originate from the aorta, right above the aortic valve leaflets

22
Q

When are the coronary arteries perfused?

A

They are perfused during diastole

23
Q

As heart rate increases…

A

…diastolic time is shortened
-May not allow adequate time for myocardial perfusion

24
Q

Myocardial ischemia

A

Condition in which heart muscle cells receive less oxygen than required

25
Q

Cardiac Conduction System

A

Specialized heart cells strategically located throughout the heart that are responsible for methodically generating & coordinating the transmission of electrical impulses to the myocardial cells

26
Q

Automaticity

A

Ability to initiate an electrical impulse

27
Q

Excitability

A

Ability to respond to an electrical impulse

28
Q

Conductivity

A

Ability to transmit an electrical impulse from one cell to another

29
Q

Sinoatrial (SA) Node

A

Primary pacemaker of the heart

30
Q

Atrioventricular (AV) Node

A

Secondary pacemaker of the heart

31
Q

Depolarization

A

Electrical activation of a cell caused by the influx of sodium into the cell while potassium exits the cell

32
Q

Repolarizatoin

A

Return of the cell to resting state, caused by the reentry of potassium into the cell while sodium exits the cell

33
Q

Phase 0

A

Cellular depolarization is initiated as (+) ions influx into the cell
-Atrial & ventricular myocytes rapidly depolarizes as Na+ moves into the cell via sodium channels
-SA & AV node depolarize when Ca+2 enters these cells via slow-calcium channels

34
Q

Phase 1

A

Early cellular repolarization begins during this phase as K+ exits into intracellular space

35
Q

Phase 2 (Plateu Phase)

A

Rate of depolarization slows (Ca+2 ions enter intracellular space)

36
Q

Phase 3

A

Completion of repolarization & return of the cell to its resting state

37
Q

Phase 4

A

Resting phase before next depolarization

38
Q

Effective Refractory Period

A

Cell is completely unresponsive to any electrical stimulus
-Incapable of initiating an early depolarization

39
Q

Relative Refractory Period

A

If the electrical stimulus is stronger than normal, the cell may depolarize prematurely

40
Q

Hemodynamic Monitoring

A

Use of pressure monitoring devices to directly measure cardiovascular function

41
Q

Cardiac Output (CO)

A

Total amount of blood ejected via one of the ventricles in L/min

42
Q

Formula for Calculating Cardiac Output (CO)

A

CO = HR X SV

43
Q

Stroke Volume

A

Amount of blood ejected from one of the ventricles per heartbeat

44
Q

Factors that Affect the Metabolic Demand of Tissues

A

Exercise, stress, & illness

45
Q

PSNS Heart Rate Control

A

Branches of the PSNS travel to the SA node via vagus nerve
->Vagus nerve stimulation slows down the HR

46
Q

SNS Heart Rate Control

A

SNS increases HR via innervation of the beta-1 receptor sites w/in the SA node

47
Q

Baroreceptors

A

Specialized nerve cells w/in the aortic arch & in both LT & RT carotid arteries

48
Q

Preload

A

The degree of stretch of the ventricular cardiac muscle fibers at the end of diastole

49
Q

When is the degree of ventricle muscle stretch the highest?

A

It is highest at the end of diastole

50
Q

As the volume of blood returning to the heart increases…

A

…muscle fiber stretch also increases
-Preload increases
->Results in stronger contractions & greater stroke volume

51
Q

Frank-Starling Law

A

The greater the initial length or stretch of the sarcomeres (cardiac muscle cells), the greater the degree of shortening occurs

52
Q

What decreases preload?

A

Reduction in volume of blood returning to the ventricles
-Diuresis
-Venodilating agents: Nitrates
-Excessive blood loss
-Dehydration: vomiting, diarrhea, diaphoresis

NURS3313 Adult Health (27 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions