Chapter 47, Motivation

Question 1

Motivation

Answer 1

a strong desire to act in a particular way and to achieve a certain results

Question 2

Morale

Answer 2

‘Spirit’ if morale in an individual, group or team is high then there exists a spirit of confidence and purpose and vice versa

Question 3

Fredrick Taylors Scientific method

Answer 3

believed the same approach would fit any task
jobs are broken down into simple tasks and employees most suited to each task are trained to perform it. Employees are paid by piece rate as money is the key motivator

Limitation: theory of its time

Question 4

Elton Mayo

Answer 4

• employees respond to changes in the environment
• a sense of recognition and consultation is important to employees
• the workplace is a social system
• communication with management and group norms is important

Limitation: change can be difficult to identify

Question 5

David McClelland Three needs Theory

Answer 5

1. Need for achievement
2. Need for affiliation
3. Need for power

Limitations: employee needs do not always benefit business

Question 6

Fredrick Herzberg The two-factor theory

Answer 6

Hygiene factors: demotivated by bad working conditions
Motivational Factors: responsibility, recognition, meaningful rewarding work

Limitations: time consuming and people have differnt personalities

Question 7

Job Enrichment

Answer 7

making sure that a job is interesting and enriching to an employee; for example, through a greater variety of tasks, more responsibility, greater involvement, and so on

Question 8

Job Enlargement

Answer 8

redesigning and broadening the nature of a job so that employees can take on new and more challenging tasks if they want to it does not simply give people more work

Question 9

Maslow’s hierarchy of needs

Answer 9

1. Self Actualisation
2. Esteem
3. Social
4. Saftey
5. Physiological

Limitations: generalisation

Question 10

Victor Vroom Expectancy Theory

Answer 10

the mental process an employee goes through when making a decison on a choice of action
Expectancy: does the employee think they are actually going to achieve the target
Valence: The value an employee puts on the reward that is on offer

Limitation: valence and Expectancy can change from person to person

Question 11

Peter Drucker ‘the father of modern management’

Answer 11

if managers want to acheive a motivated workforce they need to

• Decentralise and delayer
• take interest in employees
• offer ongoing training
• try to create a ‘plant community’
• keep sense of perspective

Knowledge worker: employees collect knowledge through thier life

Question 12

Edwin Locke

Answer 12

If a manager wants to set effective goals these principled should be followed

1. Clarity
2. Challenge
3. Feedback
4. Commitment
5. Task complexity

Limitations: setting goals wont motivate employees alone

Question 13

Tom Peters excellence theory

Answer 13

believes excellence can be achieved in every employee and person

Limitations: rose tinted