Chapter 46, Functions of management and leadership

Question 1

Leaders or managers consider

Answer 1

• Communication
• controlling
• Co-ordination
• decision making
• Evaluating progress
• leading
• motivating
• planning

Question 2

Managment/Leadership styles

Answer 2

• Lewins style of leadership
• Douglas McGregor’s Theory X and Y
• Blake and Mouton grid
• Tannenbaum and Schmidt
• Carlyle and Galton trait theory
• Adair’s Three Circles

Question 3

Lewins Style of Leadership

Answer 3

Autocratic

• sets work and expect it to be completed exactly
• strict
• employees aren’t involved in decision making
• ‘top-down’ communication
• thinks employees are solely motivated by money

Democratic

• employees are involved in decision making
• employee autonomy
• two-way communication
• not simply financial motivation

Laissez Faire

• remote from employees
• give very little direction to employees
• involves employees setting their own tasks and objectives

Paternalistic

• wants workforce to feel involved in decisions making
• consulting employees
• persuades their point of view

Question 4

Douglas McGregor’s Theory X and Y

Answer 4

Theory X views employees as

• lazy
• disliking of work
• Lacking will
• Lacking initiative
• motivated by money

Theory Y views employees as

• Enjoying their work
• willing to accept responsibility
• creative
• not just motivated by money

Question 5

Blake and Mouton’s Leadership Grid

Answer 5

a way of analysing task and people need

Country Club leadership

• concerned about the wellbeing of people rather than the completion of the task
• may miss deadlines

Authoritarian Leadership

• Concerned with task rather than people
• can lead to resentment and demotivation

Impoverished Leadership
- Lack of concern for either

Team Leadership
- strong equal guard for both employee and task needs

Middle of the road leadership
- compromises between two sets of needs

Question 6

Carlyle and Galton ‘Trait Theory’

Answer 6

effective leaders have to have these traits

• motivational
• integrity
• self-confidence
• creativity
• intelligent

Question 7

Tannenbaum and Schmidt

Answer 7

the trade-off between task needs and people needs
Tell
- the manager informs the employees, can be seen as autocratic

Sell
- sells decison to employees

Consult
- present his ides to employees for discussion and two way communictaion

Participate
- asks employees to make decisions

Question 8

Adair’s Three Circle

Answer 8

Action centered leadership considers the three elements in all leadership situations

• Task
• Individual
• Team

Question 9

Hierachy of managers

Answer 9

1. Senior managers
2. Middle managers
3. Junior managers
4. Line and staff managers
   - Line managers: direct input
   - Staff managers: offer advice

Question 10

Four Managment specialist departments within a business

Answer 10

• Production Managment
• Marketing Managment
• Personal Management
• Financial Managment