Chapter 44- Analysis of Blood Flashcards
What can cause hematocrit values?
Age, Gender, Collection Techniques, Pathologic Conditions
How are microhematocrit specimens processed?
Capillary blood is collected in two capillary tubes, centrifuged in a microhematocrit centrifuge, and read on a microhematocrit reader.
What factors can affect hematocrit?
Age and Gender, Collection Techniques, Geographic Location, Physiologic and Pathologic Factors
What can increase a RBC count?
Severe burns, Dehydration, Polycythemia Vera
What are the factors that can affect RBC count?
Gender, Illness or Disease, Geographic Location
What is the condition in which the RBC count is too low?
Anemia
What does the white blood cell count component of a CBC indicate?
Total number of leukocytes
Which is true about mean cell volume?
It helps classify types of anemia.
It determines the average size of RBC’s
The normal reference range is 82 to 108 femoliters (fL)
What will a decreased MCHC show in a stained blood smear?
Hypochromic RBC’s
Which index is calculated to give the average weight of hemoglobin in the RBC?
Mean Cell Hemoglobin (MCH)
What considerations must an MA take when processing a Sed rate?
Specimen tube must remain undisturbed for an hour.
Test must be performed within 62 hours of specimen collection
Specimen should be stored at room temperature if not tested immediately
In what time frame must a Sed Rate be tested on a blood sample?
Within 62 hours
Which Sed Rate is significant?
30 mm/hr in a female under age 50.
What can increase a white blood cell count?
Stress, Pneumonia, Appendicitis, Bacterial Infection
What is a decrease in white blood cell count called?
Leukopenia
Which Pathologic conditions can cause leukocytosis?
Leukemia, Pneumonia, Appendicitis
What are the PT and PTT tests used to screen?
Hemophilia, Hereditary Clotting Disorders, Results of Anticoagulant Treatment
What is the INR?
A conversion unit that takes into account the different sensitivities of reagents used for PT testing.
Which is a normal PT value?
INR of 1.4
Which type of blood could blood type B- receive?
O- and B-
What is the purpose of a type and cross match?
To determine the correct blood type to be used during a transfusion
What factor must an Rh negative mother consider if her infant is Rh positive?
In future pregnancies, the fetus can be at risk of hemolytic disease of the newborn.
What are the tests that are commonly done in physician offices for diabetes?
Hemoglobin A1c, Fasting Blood Glucose, Glucose Tolerance Test,
What chronic conditions are frequently tested for in physician offices?
Liver failure, Diabetes Mellitus, Endocrine Disorders, Cardiovascular Disease
How frequently should adults have cholesterol screening done?
Once every 5 years
Which term describes an abnormal decrease in the white blood cells in the body?
Leukopenia
Leukopenia
abnormal decrease in the number of white blood cells.
At which and should a MA position the spreader slide while preparing a blood smear?
30 degrees
Which section performs a test to count red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets?
Immunohematology
Which should the MA do after a blood smear has been made for a differential cell count?
Allow the slide to air dry
A MA is determining the hemoglobin level of a 6 year old child . Which are the correct hemoglobin reference values for the child?
10 to 15 g/dL
A medical assistant is assessing the laboratory reposts of a patient who had a stroke and is taking warfarin ( Coumadin). The patient’s prothrombin time (PT)/ international normalized ratio (INR) result shows 3.6 clothing ability. Which instruction can the MA expect from the healthcare provider? .
Decrease the dose of Warfarin (Coumadin)
While reviewing the reposts of a female patient, the medical assistant finds the patient has a hematocrit of 52%. What does this reading intricate?
Polycythemia
When using manual methods, the mean corpuscular volume (MCV) is calculated by dividing the hematocrit by the red blood cell count and multiplying by __.
10
In the United States, blood type B+ is commonly seen among people of which ethnicity?
Asian
Which is the normal range of neutrophils?
38% to 80%
Neutrophil-
A type of white blood cell
* plays a major role in the immune system
Normal range of eosinophils ?
1% to 6%
The normal range of monocytes?
3% to 10%
Normal range of lymphocytes:
20% to 40%
Which sample is used for performing a hematocrit test?
EDTA treated blood
Citrates plasma
Used for Prothrombin time
PT:
(Prothrombin time)
test that measures the time it takes blood to form a fibrin clot.
Which measurement helps in diagnosing the type and cause of anemia?
Red blood cell indices
Differential cell count:
helps identify and count the five types of white blood cells.
Which finding could enable a MA to conclude that a pt has polycythemia ?
Increased red cell count
What is the composition of the buffy coat that is formed after the centrifugation of whole blood?
White blood cells and platelets
A MA is preparing to perform an Ruth to cure sedimentation rate (ESR) test. Which item is required?
Westergren tube
What are true regarding mature erythrocytes?
They have no nucleus.
They transport oxygen.
They survive for 120 days.
What is a characteristic of a correct smear?
Presence of a feathered edge at the thin end
The approximate life span of an erythrocyte is ___
120 days
Which cells are leukocytes?
Basophils, Eosinophils, Monocytes
What percentage of the blood is plasma?
55%
The remaining 45% consists of cellular elements, such as RBC’s, WBC’s and thrombocytes (platelets).
A MA observes that the platelets on a stained slide are few and far away from each other. A platelet count reveals 60,000 platelets/mm. Which term used for this condition?
Thrombocytopenia
Thrombocytopenia:
A decrease in the number of platelets
Platelets is also known as?
Thrombocytes
Poikilocytosis:
Significant variation in the shape of red blood cells
Thrombocytosis:
An increase in the platelet count
Which hormones are produced by the thyroid gland?
T3, and T4
Triiodothyronine:
T3
Tetraiodothyronine:
T4
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH):
Produced by the pituitary gland
Thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH):
Produced by the hypothalamus
Total ion binding capacity (TIBC):
Is a measure of the blood’s capacity to transport iron
An adult male pt’s laboratory report shows a red blood count of 35 x 10(6)/mm(3) and a hemoglobin level of 10 g/dL. Which complication can be expected from these findings?
Anemia
Which analyzer helps determine the hemoglobin level in in blood?
Stat- Site Hgb Meter
Stat- Site Hgb Meter
A CLIA- waived hemoglobin analyzer that helps determine the hemoglobin level in blood.
Cell- Dyn:
Is a non waived blood cell counter used to determine the white blood cell count.
QBC auto read analyzer:
Helps determine the complete blood cell count.
Coulter cell counter:
Is an automated analyzer used to determine the white blood cell count.
How is a manual differential blood count performed?
Examining a blood smear
Which is the reference range for hematocrit in women?
36% to 45%
If the blood cgluxose level exceeds __ g/dL, glucose escapes into the urine.
200
What happens when the blood glucose exceeds it’s levels?
When the blood glucose level exceeded 200 g/dL, the renal tubules can no longer absorb the excessive amount of glucose present in the glomerulus. This excess amount of glucose escapes into the urine.
Which intervention of the medical assistant while preparing a blood smear for differential cell count manually shows a need for further learning?
Using sodium citrate as the anticoagulant
Immunoglobulins:
A group of related proteins that function as antibodies. They are found in plasma and other body fluids.
Hematocrit:
measurement of the percentage of packed RBC in a volume of blood.
- normal hct varies with age and general 36%- 52%
- high levels may be caused by dehydration or Polycythemia Vera.
- low levels can indicate anemia or the presence of bleeding.
Polycythemia Vera:
A disorder characterized by an abnormal increase in the number of red blood cells in the blood.
Anemia:
A deficiency of hemoglobin in the blood. It is accompanied by a reduced number of red blood cells, pale skin, weakness, and shortness of breath, among other symptoms.
Buffy coat:
The layer of white blood cells and platelets that separates red blood cells and plasma in a centrifuged sample of the whole blood.
Eosinophils:
Are associated with allergies.
Basophils:
Microscopic cells that have large, dark, blue black, granules and contain histamine.
Lymphocytes:
they destroy foreign substances by producing antibiotics. B and T cells combined are the second must abundant WBC in the blood.
B cells:
Produce specific antibodies against a particular antigen.
Hemoglobin:
The orgen-carrying placement of RBCs.
Normal range: Female - 12-16 g/dL
Mate: 14-18g g/dL
Platelets:
Fragments of a larger cell called megakaryocyte. The smallest of the red formed elements in the peripheral blood and assists with blood clotting.
Plasma:
Made up of approximately 55% of blood volume.
ESR:
Lab test that measures the rate at which RBC’s gradually separate from plasma and settle at the bottom of a specifically calibrated tube in one hour.
Dehydration:
High RBC count
H & H “ Hemoglobin & Hematocrit:
performed by Hematology.
Hypochrimic:
Pale red blood cells. Lacking color.
Differential:
to analyze and count types of WBC’s found in a sample of blood.
Morphology:
The study of the form, shape and structure of an organism.
BUN:
Blood test that analyzes the ability of the kidneys to perform their function.
Cardiac Panel-
CPK, Troponin 1, Troponin T
Thyroid panel:
TSH, T3, T4
Electrolyte panel:
Sodium, potassium, chloride
Renal panel:
creatinine, BUN, uric acid, Glucose
Liver panel:
ALP, GGT, AST, ALT, LDH
Hemoglobin A1c:
Measures the blood glucose (sugar) over 2 to 3 months
Fasting Blood Glucose (FBG):
The amount of glucose present is used to measure the body’s ability to break down and use glucose.
Cholestech LDX analyzer:
HDL, LDL, ratios, glucose
Macrocytic:
RBC that is larger than normal.
Band:
Name used to describe an immature neutrophil.
Centrifuge:
An instrument used to separate blood cells from plasma
Where are all blood cells formed?
Bone marrow
Thrombocytes are formed elements that assist with __________ in the blood system.
clotting
When testing blood, the physician orders a hemoglobin A1C test. Which diagnosis is the physician trying to confirm?
Diabetes
The normal hematocrit in a male is:
42-52%
The normal hematocrit result in an infant is:
37-41%
Low microhematocrit values can indicate:
Anemia
When a patient presents with pain, which test is ordered to diagnose inflammation in the body?
ESR
Which result is a normal hemoglobin level for a female patient?
12-16 g/dL
What is the optimal level for LDL (low-density lipoprotein) when screening for cholesterol?
Less than 100 mg/dL
Patients with type _____ blood are considered universal donors.
O
