Chapter 11- Respiratory System Flashcards
Respiration:
process of breathing in and out.
Inspiration:
the process of oxygen moving from the atmosphere
Internal Respiration:
External Respiration:
Lower Respiratory Tract:
trachea, bronchi, alveoli
Upper Respiratory Tract:
Sinuses, nose, nasal cavity, pharynx
(nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx)
Pharynx:
Pleura:
Epiglottis:
Alveolus:
Nares:
Trache/o:
Trachea, Windpipe
Capn/o:
Carbon dioxide
Pneum/o:
Lungs
Orth/o:
straight
Brady:
slow
-pnea:
painful, breathing
Bradypnea:
slow, painful breathing
Cheyne- Stokes Respiration:
deep, rapid, breathing followed by a period of apnea.
Cyanosis:
Lack of O2 in the blood,, seen as bluish or grayish discoloration of the skin, nail beds, and. or lips.
Epistaxis:
nosebleed. Also, called rhinorrhagia
Eupnea:
good, normal breathing
Hemoptysis:
coughing up blood or blood- stained sputum
Hypernea:
excessively deep breathing
Orthopnea:
condition of difficult breathing unless in an upright position
Dysphonia:
difficulty making sounds.
Rinorrhea:
discharge from the nose
Sputum:
mucus coughed up from the lungs and expectorated through the mouth. If abnormal, it may be described as to its amount ,color, odor
Rales:
an abnormal lung sound head on auscultation, caused by discontinuous bubbling noises. Also, called crackles.
Stridor:
high pitched inspiratory sounds from the larynx, a sign of upper airway obstruction.
Wheezing:
a whistling sound made during breathing
Pulse oximetry:
A noninvasive test used to measure the oxygen saturation of the blood .
Spirometry test:
Legionella Urinary Antigen Tract:
Mono test:
Influenza A & B:
Rapid Strep A:
RSV:
ABG (Arterial Blood Gas):
A test in which a blood specimen is collected from an artery in the wrist, and the PH of the blood, Co2, O2, content are measured.
Percussion:
Thoracentesis:
Pulmonary Resertion:
Rhinoplasty:
Asthma:
Chronic disease that affects the airway.
Triggers
– Allergens
– Environmental causes
– Strong emotional states
– Strenuous physical exercise
* Signs and symptoms
– Shortness of breath or breathlessness
– Chest tightness or pain
– Coughing or wheezing attacks
– Early morning or nighttime coughing
Albuterol-
Cystic Fibrosis:
Genetic disease; life threatening
* If both copies of the gene from parents are
defective, a person will get the disease
* Signs and symptoms
– Higher than normal levels of salt in sweat
– Persistent cough that produces thick, sticky
sputum
– Breathlessness, shortness of breath, wheezing
– Frequent lung infections
– Foul-smelling, greasy stools
– Poor growth and weight gain
– Intestinal blockage; electrolyte imbalances
Diagnostic procedures
– Two positive sweat tests
– Genetic testing
* Treatment
– Centers on reducing complications and symptoms
– Antibiotics
– Mucus-thinning medications
– Anti-inflammatory medications
– Bronchodilators
– Chest physical therapy
– Oral pancreatic enzymes
– Oxygen therapy
– Surgical options
Sweat test:
Pulmonary Embolism (PE):
Pulmonary Tuberculosis:
Mantoux testing:
Influenza:
Pertussis:
Atelectasis:
Deviated Septum:
Diphtheria:
Clubbing of fingers:
What does is the anatomy of the respiratory system?
divided into the upper respiratory tract and lower respiratory tract.
What are respiratory tract structures considered?
Passageways for the air
What is the lower respiratory tract structure involved in?
Gas exchange
Upper respiratory tract main functions:
Warming and cleaning the
inspired air.
– Serving as a passageway for air.
– Providing the sense of smell.
Four pairs of paranasal sinuses:
-Maxillary
– Frontal
– Sphenoid
– Ethmoid
Where does air travel to?
Air travels through nose >
nasal cavity > nasopharynx >
oropharynx > laryngopharynx
The Air flow:
Upper Respiratory-
Nose- Nasal cavity- Nasopharynx-Oropharynx-Laryngopharynx-Larynx
Lower Respiratory-
Trachea- Bronchi- Bronchioles- Alveoli- Capillaries of lungs
Lower Respiratory Tract:
Consists of the trachea,
bronchial tubes, and lungs
LRT structures-
lines with mucous membranes and cilia.
Each lung is enclosed by a double-folded, serous membrane called the:
Pleura
_ respiration occurs when oxygenated air moves into the alveoli.
External
What term is used to describe a condition in which there is a deficient amount of O2 in the tissues?
Hypoxia
______ is a high-pitched inspiratory sound from the larynx that can be a sign of upper airway obstruction.
Stridor
A life threatening, congenital disease that causes mucus to build up in the lungs, pancreas, and other organs is called:
Cystic fibrosis
_______ is an abnormal enlargement of the fingers and toes and is associated with cyanotic heart disease or advanced chronic pulmonary disease.
Clubbing
An abnormal accumulation of fluid in the intrapleural space around the lungs is called:
Pleural effusion
Which surgical option for lung cancer involves the removal of a small portion of the lung tissue, which includes the tumor and the healthy tissue on the edge of the tumor?
Wedge resection
High blood pressure that affects the pulmonary system is called:
Pulmonary hypertension
What medication would be used to break up a clot when treating a pulmonary embolism?
Thrombolytics
