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MAP 110- Cardiopulmonary Medical Procedures > Chapter 11- Respiratory System > Flashcards

Chapter 11- Respiratory System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Respiration:

A

process of breathing in and out.

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1
Q

Inspiration:

A

the process of oxygen moving from the atmosphere

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2
Q

Internal Respiration:

A
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3
Q

External Respiration:

A
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4
Q

Lower Respiratory Tract:

A

trachea, bronchi, alveoli

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5
Q

Upper Respiratory Tract:

A

Sinuses, nose, nasal cavity, pharynx
(nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx)

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6
Q

Pharynx:

A
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7
Q

Pleura:

A
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8
Q

Epiglottis:

A
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9
Q

Alveolus:

A
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10
Q

Nares:

A
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11
Q

Trache/o:

A

Trachea, Windpipe

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12
Q

Capn/o:

A

Carbon dioxide

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13
Q

Pneum/o:

A

Lungs

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14
Q

Orth/o:

A

straight

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15
Q

Brady:

A

slow

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16
Q

-pnea:

A

painful, breathing

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17
Q

Bradypnea:

A

slow, painful breathing

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18
Q

Cheyne- Stokes Respiration:

A

deep, rapid, breathing followed by a period of apnea.

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19
Q

Cyanosis:

A

Lack of O2 in the blood,, seen as bluish or grayish discoloration of the skin, nail beds, and. or lips.

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20
Q

Epistaxis:

A

nosebleed. Also, called rhinorrhagia

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21
Q

Eupnea:

A

good, normal breathing

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22
Q

Hemoptysis:

A

coughing up blood or blood- stained sputum

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23
Q

Hypernea:

A

excessively deep breathing

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24
Q

Orthopnea:

A

condition of difficult breathing unless in an upright position

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25
Q

Dysphonia:

A

difficulty making sounds.

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26
Q

Rinorrhea:

A

discharge from the nose

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27
Q

Sputum:

A

mucus coughed up from the lungs and expectorated through the mouth. If abnormal, it may be described as to its amount ,color, odor

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28
Q

Rales:

A

an abnormal lung sound head on auscultation, caused by discontinuous bubbling noises. Also, called crackles.

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29
Q

Stridor:

A

high pitched inspiratory sounds from the larynx, a sign of upper airway obstruction.

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30
Q

Wheezing:

A

a whistling sound made during breathing

31
Q

Pulse oximetry:

A

A noninvasive test used to measure the oxygen saturation of the blood .

32
Q

Spirometry test:

A
33
Q

Legionella Urinary Antigen Tract:

A
34
Q

Mono test:

A
35
Q

Influenza A & B:

A
36
Q

Rapid Strep A:

A
37
Q

RSV:

A
38
Q

ABG (Arterial Blood Gas):

A

A test in which a blood specimen is collected from an artery in the wrist, and the PH of the blood, Co2, O2, content are measured.

39
Q

Percussion:

A
40
Q

Thoracentesis:

A
41
Q

Pulmonary Resertion:

A
42
Q

Rhinoplasty:

A
43
Q

Asthma:

A

Chronic disease that affects the airway.
Triggers
– Allergens
– Environmental causes
– Strong emotional states
– Strenuous physical exercise
* Signs and symptoms
– Shortness of breath or breathlessness
– Chest tightness or pain
– Coughing or wheezing attacks
– Early morning or nighttime coughing

44
Q

Albuterol-

A
45
Q

Cystic Fibrosis:

A

Genetic disease; life threatening
* If both copies of the gene from parents are
defective, a person will get the disease
* Signs and symptoms
– Higher than normal levels of salt in sweat
– Persistent cough that produces thick, sticky
sputum
– Breathlessness, shortness of breath, wheezing
– Frequent lung infections
– Foul-smelling, greasy stools
– Poor growth and weight gain
– Intestinal blockage; electrolyte imbalances
Diagnostic procedures
– Two positive sweat tests
– Genetic testing
* Treatment
– Centers on reducing complications and symptoms
– Antibiotics
– Mucus-thinning medications
– Anti-inflammatory medications
– Bronchodilators
– Chest physical therapy
– Oral pancreatic enzymes
– Oxygen therapy
– Surgical options

46
Q

Sweat test:

A
47
Q

Pulmonary Embolism (PE):

A
48
Q

Pulmonary Tuberculosis:

A
49
Q

Mantoux testing:

A
50
Q

Influenza:

A
51
Q

Pertussis:

A
52
Q

Atelectasis:

A
53
Q

Deviated Septum:

A
54
Q

Diphtheria:

A
55
Q

Clubbing of fingers:

A
56
Q

What does is the anatomy of the respiratory system?

A

divided into the upper respiratory tract and lower respiratory tract.

57
Q

What are respiratory tract structures considered?

A

Passageways for the air

58
Q

What is the lower respiratory tract structure involved in?

A

Gas exchange

59
Q

Upper respiratory tract main functions:

A

Warming and cleaning the
inspired air.
– Serving as a passageway for air.
– Providing the sense of smell.

60
Q

Four pairs of paranasal sinuses:

A

-Maxillary
– Frontal
– Sphenoid
– Ethmoid

61
Q

Where does air travel to?

A

Air travels through nose >
nasal cavity > nasopharynx >
oropharynx > laryngopharynx

62
Q

The Air flow:

A

Upper Respiratory-
Nose- Nasal cavity- Nasopharynx-Oropharynx-Laryngopharynx-Larynx

Lower Respiratory-
Trachea- Bronchi- Bronchioles- Alveoli- Capillaries of lungs

63
Q

Lower Respiratory Tract:

A

Consists of the trachea,
bronchial tubes, and lungs

64
Q

LRT structures-

A

lines with mucous membranes and cilia.

65
Q

Each lung is enclosed by a double-folded, serous membrane called the:

A

Pleura

66
Q

_ respiration occurs when oxygenated air moves into the alveoli.

A

External

67
Q

What term is used to describe a condition in which there is a deficient amount of O2 in the tissues?

A

Hypoxia

68
Q

______ is a high-pitched inspiratory sound from the larynx that can be a sign of upper airway obstruction.

A

Stridor

69
Q

A life threatening, congenital disease that causes mucus to build up in the lungs, pancreas, and other organs is called:

A

Cystic fibrosis

70
Q

_______ is an abnormal enlargement of the fingers and toes and is associated with cyanotic heart disease or advanced chronic pulmonary disease.

A

Clubbing

71
Q

An abnormal accumulation of fluid in the intrapleural space around the lungs is called:

A

Pleural effusion

72
Q

Which surgical option for lung cancer involves the removal of a small portion of the lung tissue, which includes the tumor and the healthy tissue on the edge of the tumor?

A

Wedge resection

73
Q

High blood pressure that affects the pulmonary system is called:

A

Pulmonary hypertension

74
Q

What medication would be used to break up a clot when treating a pulmonary embolism?

A

Thrombolytics

MAP 110- Cardiopulmonary Medical Procedures (12 decks)

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