Chapter 44 Flashcards
Components of communication
Sender:The originator or source of the idea
Message: The idea
Medium or channel:A means of transmitting the idea, which can be verbal or non verbal
Receiver: The person who receives and interprets the message
Interaction: The receivers response to the message through internal feelings and verbal and nonverbal feedback
Verbal communication
sharing information through written or spoken word
non verbal communication
sharing info without using words
noncongruent communication
the clients tone or voice may imply a totally different meaning than the message
congruent communication
words, tone, and body language are all sending the same message
Aphasia
defect in or loss of the ability to speak, write, or sign, or of the ability to comprehend speech and communication
Expressive Aphasia
difficulty in speaking or finding the correct word
receptive aphasia
interferes with comprehension of language, affects ability to read and understand speech
Kinesics
Study of body language
Proxemics
Space, in relationship communication
may differ between cultures or other situations
Intimate space
Within 6in-1.65 feet
love making, sharing secrets, physical assessment in healthcare
Personal space
1.5-4ft
general conversation, interviews, teaching one-on-one, private conversation
Social space
4-12 feet
demonstrations, group interactions, parties
Public space
more than 12 feet
lectures, behavior with strangers
Social factors
Social acceptance of a particular illness plays a role in a persons reaction to the illness
ex: An STI or psychiatric disorder maybe be more difficult or embarrassing for the client than a disorder such as glaucoma or diabetes because of society’s attitudes.
Religion
Members of some religious groups do not utilize traditional western medicine
History of Illness
people who have never been sick may feel threatened or incapacitated by loss of control and may react becoming very fearful, depressed, hostile or resistant
Body Image
How clients feel about themselves and illness affects communication.
Ex: A client who has had a mastectomy or has become impotent may worry about their sexual appeal
Physical disabilities
Clients often have health conditions that impair their ability to communicate
Close-ended questions
only brief and predictable responses are required
Ex: “do you sleep well”
“how many children do you have”
“do you have a normal sex life”
open-ended question
encourages longer and more thorough answers
“tell me about your sleep patterns”
“tell me about your family”
“describe the pain in your leg”
“what is your usual pattern of bowel movements”
Use of silence
Silence gives the nurse and the client an opportunity to collect their thoughts and prepare to continue the conversation
Clarification
Clarification is necessary if the clients answer is unclear or the nurse wants additional information
“tell me more about it”
“explain that to me”
Reflection
Nurse may echo the clients words, allowing the client to hear what he or she has just said or to point out the clients behaviors or attitude that seems to be underlying his or hew words
1)CLIENT: “My life has been one frustration after another.” NUrsE: “Your life has been full of frustrations?”
2)CLIENT: “I’m just a worthless old man, and no one cares about me!”
NUrSE: “You say that as if you were angry.”
CLIENT: “I am angry. I raised six children and gave them the best years of my life. If they cared about me, they would come to visit me.”
Summarizing
If the nurse tells the client what they heard, it helps the nurse to make sure it was what the client meant.
CLENT: “I was in the hospital 2 years ago and I swore 1 would never come here again.”
NURSE: “You were dissatisfied with your stay?”
CLIENT: “The food was
so tasteless. I could not eat. My
roommate died. The noise at night her me from sleping.
I went home in worse shape than when I came in.”
NURSE: “Sounds like you were very uncomtortable when you were here and are apprehensive about being admitted to the hospital again. How can we help improve the situation?”
Paraphrasing
Use of paraphrasing helps the nurse to clarify the interpretation of the message by restating it in other words
Client: “it was really noisy here last night. It was like Grand Central Station”
Nurse: “You didn’t get a good night’s sleep? what can we do to help you sleep better?”
communicating with the visually impaired or hearing impaired
Do no not frighten the person, announce yourself before entering
utilize the service of a sign language interpreter if they communicate this way
Communication with unconscious patient
always assume client can hear you
introduce yourself
explain what you are going to do
talk to the client
do not talk about the client in their presence
