Chapter 22 ebook

Question 1

Infectious diseases

Answer 1

spread by pathogens or toxins among susceptible individuals

Question 2

Communicable disease

Answer 2

they are transmitted from one source to another by infectious bacteria or viral organisms

Question 3

noncommunicable diseases

Answer 3

a disease caused by toxins from food poisoning or infection caused by toxins in the environment

Question 4

Contagious diseases

Answer 4

communicable diseases that can spread rapidly among individuals in close proximity to each other

Question 5

community-acquired infections

Answer 5

those that are not present or incubating prior to care provided by health care providers

Question 6

health care-associated infections

Answer 6

acquired within a health care facility

Question 7

Infection

Answer 7

is a condition that results when microorganisms cause injury to a host

Question 8

colonization

Answer 8

a condition in which microorganisms are present, but the hose does not manifest any signs or symptoms of infection

Question 9

Affects on older adults

Answer 9

are more susceptible to infections because of an age-related decrease in immune system functioning

Infections are more likely to have a rapid course and life threatening consequences once they become established

Question 10

Incubation Period

Answer 10

Infectious agent reproduces, but there are no recognizable symptoms. May exist the host at this time and infect others

Question 11

Prodromal stage

Answer 11

initial symptoms appear, which may be vague and nonspecific. They may include mild fever, headache, and loss of usual energy

Question 12

Acute stage

Answer 12

Symptoms become more severe and specific to the tissue or organ that is affected.

Question 13

Convalescent stage

Answer 13

The symptoms subside as the host overcomes the infectious agent

Question 14

Resolution

Answer 14

The pathogen is destroyed. Health improves or is restored

Question 15

Infection control precautions

Answer 15

are physical measures designed to curtail the spread of infectious diseases

Question 16

Standard precautions

Answer 16

are measures for reducing the risk of microorganism transmission from both recognized and unrecognized sources of infection

reduces the potential for transmitting infectious agents

Includes using hand hygiene, using PPE.

Question 17

Hand Hygiene

Answer 17

Single most effective way to prevent infections

Perform hand hygiene after gloves are removed, between client contacts, between tasks, when touching bodily fluids.

Question 18

Gloves

Answer 18

Wear clean non sterile gloves when touching bodily fluids, contaminated items.

Change gloves between tasks on the same client after contact with material that may contain a high concentration of micro organisms.

Question 19

Mask, eye protection and face shield

Answer 19

Wear a madk and eye protection (goggles) or face shield to protect the eyes, nose, and mouth when there is a likelihood that splashes or sprays bodily fluids, blood or other secretions

Eye glasses or contact lenses are not adequate for eye protection

Question 20

Gown

Answer 20

wear a clean non-sterile gown that covers the arm body from neck to mid thigh

Question 21

Respiratory Hygiene/ cough etiquette

Answer 21

covering the mouth and nose with a tissue when coughing
performing hand hygiene after contact with respiratory secretions
Using a surgical mask on a coughing client
Distancing client with respiratory symptoms at least 3ft from others

Question 22

Safe Injection Practices

Answer 22

infection control measures that prevent the transmission of viral hepatitis B and hepatitis C to the health care worker

use a sterile, single use disposable syringe for each injection

Prevent the contamination of injection and equipment

use single does vials rather than multiple dose vials when administering medication to multiple clients

Question 23

Transmission based precautions

Answer 23

Measures for controlling the spread of highly transmissible or epidemiologically important infectious agents from clients

3 types: Airborne precautions, droplet precautions, contact precautions

Question 24

Airborne precautions

Answer 24

measures that reduce the risk for transmitting pathogens that remain infectious over long distance when suspended in the air

Client placement:
Kept in a private room or in a room with similarly infected client
Negative air pressure
6-12 air change per hour

Protection:
Wear a n95 or PAPR
Keep door closed

Examples:TB, Measles, chicken pox

Question 25

Droplet precautions

Answer 25

Measures that block infectious pathogens within moist droplets larger than 5 microns

Client placement:
Private room or in a room with a similarly infected client or one in which there are 3 ft between clients and visitors

Protection:
Leave door open or closed, wear a mask when entering room. Place a mask on client if transportation is required

Examples: streptococcal pneumonia, meningococcal meningitis, whooping cough, coronavirus

Question 26

Contact precautions

Answer 26

measures used to block the transmission of pathogens by direct or indirect contact

Direct contact involves skin to skin and indirect contact involves touching a contaminated intermediate object in the clients environment

Client placement:
Private room or in a room with similarly infected client or consult with an infection control professional if the previous options are not available

Protection:
Wear gloves, gown, avoid transporting the client but if required use precautions that minimize transmission. Use tools exclusively for the client.

Examples: Gastrointestinal, respiratory, skin or wound infections. Acute diarrhea, acute viral conjunctivitis, draining abscess, hepatitis A and E

Question 27

PPE

Answer 27

includes gowns, masks, respirators, goggles or face shields and gloves

Question 28

Removing PPE

Answer 28

removes most contaminated first

Removes gloves first, gown next then lastly gloves