Chapter 22 ebook Flashcards

1
Q

Infectious diseases

A

spread by pathogens or toxins among susceptible individuals

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2
Q

Communicable disease

A

they are transmitted from one source to another by infectious bacteria or viral organisms

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3
Q

noncommunicable diseases

A

a disease caused by toxins from food poisoning or infection caused by toxins in the environment

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4
Q

Contagious diseases

A

communicable diseases that can spread rapidly among individuals in close proximity to each other

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5
Q

community-acquired infections

A

those that are not present or incubating prior to care provided by health care providers

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6
Q

health care-associated infections

A

acquired within a health care facility

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7
Q

Infection

A

is a condition that results when microorganisms cause injury to a host

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8
Q

colonization

A

a condition in which microorganisms are present, but the hose does not manifest any signs or symptoms of infection

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9
Q

Affects on older adults

A

are more susceptible to infections because of an age-related decrease in immune system functioning

Infections are more likely to have a rapid course and life threatening consequences once they become established

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10
Q

Incubation Period

A

Infectious agent reproduces, but there are no recognizable symptoms. May exist the host at this time and infect others

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11
Q

Prodromal stage

A

initial symptoms appear, which may be vague and nonspecific. They may include mild fever, headache, and loss of usual energy

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12
Q

Acute stage

A

Symptoms become more severe and specific to the tissue or organ that is affected.

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13
Q

Convalescent stage

A

The symptoms subside as the host overcomes the infectious agent

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14
Q

Resolution

A

The pathogen is destroyed. Health improves or is restored

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15
Q

Infection control precautions

A

are physical measures designed to curtail the spread of infectious diseases

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16
Q

Standard precautions

A

are measures for reducing the risk of microorganism transmission from both recognized and unrecognized sources of infection

reduces the potential for transmitting infectious agents

Includes using hand hygiene, using PPE.

17
Q

Hand Hygiene

A

Single most effective way to prevent infections

Perform hand hygiene after gloves are removed, between client contacts, between tasks, when touching bodily fluids.

18
Q

Gloves

A

Wear clean non sterile gloves when touching bodily fluids, contaminated items.

Change gloves between tasks on the same client after contact with material that may contain a high concentration of micro organisms.

19
Q

Mask, eye protection and face shield

A

Wear a madk and eye protection (goggles) or face shield to protect the eyes, nose, and mouth when there is a likelihood that splashes or sprays bodily fluids, blood or other secretions

Eye glasses or contact lenses are not adequate for eye protection

20
Q

Gown

A

wear a clean non-sterile gown that covers the arm body from neck to mid thigh

21
Q

Respiratory Hygiene/ cough etiquette

A

covering the mouth and nose with a tissue when coughing
performing hand hygiene after contact with respiratory secretions
Using a surgical mask on a coughing client
Distancing client with respiratory symptoms at least 3ft from others

22
Q

Safe Injection Practices

A

infection control measures that prevent the transmission of viral hepatitis B and hepatitis C to the health care worker

use a sterile, single use disposable syringe for each injection

Prevent the contamination of injection and equipment

use single does vials rather than multiple dose vials when administering medication to multiple clients

23
Q

Transmission based precautions

A

Measures for controlling the spread of highly transmissible or epidemiologically important infectious agents from clients

3 types: Airborne precautions, droplet precautions, contact precautions

24
Q

Airborne precautions

A

measures that reduce the risk for transmitting pathogens that remain infectious over long distance when suspended in the air

Client placement:
Kept in a private room or in a room with similarly infected client
Negative air pressure
6-12 air change per hour

Protection:
Wear a n95 or PAPR
Keep door closed

Examples:TB, Measles, chicken pox

25
Q

Droplet precautions

A

Measures that block infectious pathogens within moist droplets larger than 5 microns

Client placement:
Private room or in a room with a similarly infected client or one in which there are 3 ft between clients and visitors

Protection:
Leave door open or closed, wear a mask when entering room. Place a mask on client if transportation is required

Examples: streptococcal pneumonia, meningococcal meningitis, whooping cough, coronavirus

26
Q

Contact precautions

A

measures used to block the transmission of pathogens by direct or indirect contact

Direct contact involves skin to skin and indirect contact involves touching a contaminated intermediate object in the clients environment

Client placement:
Private room or in a room with similarly infected client or consult with an infection control professional if the previous options are not available

Protection:
Wear gloves, gown, avoid transporting the client but if required use precautions that minimize transmission. Use tools exclusively for the client.

Examples: Gastrointestinal, respiratory, skin or wound infections. Acute diarrhea, acute viral conjunctivitis, draining abscess, hepatitis A and E

27
Q

PPE

A

includes gowns, masks, respirators, goggles or face shields and gloves

28
Q

Removing PPE

A

removes most contaminated first

Removes gloves first, gown next then lastly gloves