chapter 18 Flashcards
functions of sleep
•Reducing fatigue
•stabilizing mood
•improving blood flow to the brain
•increasing protein synthesis
•maintaining the disease-fighting mechanisms of the immune system
•promoting cellular growth and repair
•improving the capacity for learning and memory storage
effects of chronic sleep deprivation
•reduced physical stamina
•altered comfort such as headaches and nausea
•impaired coordination
•increased susceptibility to infection
•slower wound healing
•decreased pain tolerance
•poor concentration
•impaired judgement
•unstable moods
•suspiciousness
Sleep inertia
a feeling of incomplete awakening or grogginess as though still in a sleep state
may last for 15 min to 4 hr
nurse should avoid waking a sleeping client for at least 90-120 min
NREM 1
occurs at onset of sleep- lasts about 10 min
characterized as drowsiness and light sleep
sudden twitches (hypnagogic jerks) are common
may be aware if sounds and conversations but avoid arousal
features: deep, restful sleep, light sleep, easily aroused
NREM 2
the response to outside stimuli is somewhat suppressed
memory and information begin to process
features: deeper relaxation, can be awakened with effort
NREM 3
deepest sleep, difficult to wake up a person
dreaming may occur but not as vivid as REM
blood pressure decreases and breathing slows
hormones for growth and development are secreted in young persons
features: snoring, relaxed muscle tone, little or no physical movement, difficult to arose, sleep walking, sleep talking, bed wetting
REM
occurs after NREM, begins about 90 minutes after onset of sleep
brain is active
body is relaxed, immobile, often completely paralyzed and unresponsive during REM
dreams are intense and easier to recall
features: darting eye movements, very difficult to awaken, vital signs fluctuate, irregular respirations, pauses in breathing, absence of snoring, muscle twitching, men have erections, gastric secretions increae
sleep cycles
most people cycle between stages 2 and 3 of NREM to REM phases 4-6 times during the night
average length of NREM-REM sleep cycle is between 90 and 120 minutes
Sleep requirements
need for sleep decreases from birth to adulthood
with age, time spent in NrEM decreases and REM sleep increases
Newborns 0-3 months
14-17 hrs of sleep
Infants 4-11 months
12-15 hours of sleeo
Toddler 1-2 years
11-14 hours of sleep
preschoolers 3-5 years
10-13 hours of sleep
school age children 6-13 years
9-11 hours of sleep
teenagers 14-17 years
8-10 hours of sleep
young adults 18-25
7-9 hours of sleep
adults 26-64 years
7-9 hours of sleep
older adults >65 years
7-8 hours of sleep
Drugs
Hypnotics effects diminish after 2 weeks
clients who use sleep aids may develop dependency
sedatives/hypnotics
drugs that induce sleepiness
temazepan(restoril)
•zolpidem(ambien)
•diphenhydramine (benadryl)
•mirtzapine(remeron)
•trazadone(oleptro)
Anti-anxiety
Induces sleep
Alprazolam (xanax)
Stimulants
induce wakefulness
caffeine
nicotine
ritalin
dexedrine
amphetamines
nocturnal polysomnography record
brain waves
eye movements
muscle tone
limb movement
body position
nasal and oral airflow
chest and abdominal respiratory effot
snoring sounds
oxygen level in blood
multiple sleep latency test
client asked to take a daytime nap around 2 hour intervals
repeated 4-5 times a day
short latency period -falls asleep in less than 5 minutes
