Chapter 25 ebook

Question 1

Mechanical Immobilization

Answer 1

For clients who have suffered trauma to the musculoskeletal system

Heal less rapidly than injuries to the skin or soft tissue

Relieves pain and muscle spasms

restricts movement while injuries heal

supports and aligns skeletal injuries

Question 2

Splints

Answer 2

device that immobilizes and protects an injured body part

Inflatable and traction splints- short term use

Immobilizers and molded splints- longer term use

Question 3

Inflatable splint

Answer 3

become rigid when filled with air

controls bleeding and swelling

often used in emergency first aid

Question 4

Traction splint

Answer 4

Immobilize and pull on contracted muscles

Not as easy to apply as inflatable splints

Ex: Thomas splint- requires specialized training

Question 5

Immobilizers

Answer 5

commercial splints made from cloth and foam

held in place by adjustable hook and loop tape

limit motion in the area of a painful but healing injury

Question 6

Molded splints

Answer 6

orthotic devices made of rigid materials and used for chronic injuries

Appropriate for clients with carpal tunnel syndrome, plantar fasciitis, achilles tendonitis

prevent contractures and muscle atrophy during immobility

Question 7

Cervical collar

Answer 7

foam or rigid splint placed around the neck

treats neck injuries and neck sprains

measures neck circumference and between between the shoulder and neck for size

can wear for 10 days to 2 weeks

Question 8

Slings

Answer 8

cloth device used to elevate, cradle and support parts of your body

Question 9

Braces

Answer 9

custom made or custom fitted devices designed to support weaken structures

Prophylactic- prevents or reduces the severity of a joint injury

Functional- provide stability for an unstable joint

rehabilitative braces- allowed protected motion of an injured joint that has been treated operatively

Question 10

Cylinder cast

Answer 10

Most common

encircles an arm or leg and leaves the toes or fingers exposed

prevents movement in the injured area

Question 11

Body cast

Answer 11

larger form of a cylinder cast and encircles the trunk of the body

Question 12

bivalved cast

Answer 12

cut into two pieces lengthwise from either a body or a cylinder cast

used:
swelling compresses tissue and interferes with circulation
being weaned from cast
sharper x ray image is needed
painful joints need to be immobilized temporarily for a client with arthritis

Question 13

Spica cast

Answer 13

encircles one or both arms or legs and the chest or trunk

heavy, hot and fustrating because they severely restrict movement

upper body-shoulder spica

lower body-hip spica

Question 14

Cast application

Answer 14

generally requires more than one person

A light cured fiberglass cast requires exposure to ultraviolet light to harden

Question 15

Basic cast care

Answer 15

nurse is responsible for caring for client and making appropriate assessments to prevent complications

Nurses may use petals to reduce skin irritation from the rough edges of the cast

Question 16

Cast removal

Answer 16

removed with electric saw cutter

muscles is usually smaller and weaker after removal

skin is pale, waxy, dead skin

apply lotion to skin

Question 17

Traction

Answer 17

a pulling effect exerted on a part of the skeletal system

used to:
reduce muscle spasms
realign bones
relieve pain
prevent deformities

Question 18

Manual traction

Answer 18

pulling on the body using a persons hands and muscular strength

most often used to realign a broken bone or dislocated bone

Question 19

Skin traction

Answer 19

a pulling effect by applying devices to the skin

ex: pelvic belt, cervical halter, buck traction, russell traction

Question 20

Skeletal traction

Answer 20

pull exerted directly on the skeletal system by attaching wires, pins or tongs into or through a bone

applied to the skull, humerus and femur

Question 21

external fixator

Answer 21

a metal device inserted into and through one or more broken bones to stabilize fragments through healing

client is encouraged to be active and mobile

Question 22

pin site

Answer 22

location where pins, wires, or tongs enter or exit the skin

pin site care is essential to prevent infection