chapter 17

Question 1

nails

Answer 1

normal nails thin, pink and smooth

changes in the shape, color, texture provide evidence of local injury or infection and even systemic diseases

Question 2

Teeth

Answer 2

adults have 28-32 teeth

normally white but become discolored due to coffee or tea, tobacco use, or certain drugs such as tetracycline

plaque and caries (cavities) may occur if not taken care of properly

Question 3

Tartar

Answer 3

hardened plaque

may lead to gingivitis

pockets of gum inflammation lead to periodontal disease

Question 4

reducing risk of falls when bathing

Answer 4

nonskid strips on floor
grab bars
a shower seat
right temperature
long handled bath sponges or shower attachments
use soap sparingly. mild non perfumed soap
gentle patting motions
inspect feet

Question 5

Partial bath

Answer 5

washing only those body areas that are subject to greatest soiling

generally the face, hands, axillae and perineal area

Question 6

Perineal area care

Answer 6

prevent direct contact between themselves and secretions

cleanse from mot soiled to less soiled

Question 7

bed bath

Answer 7

for those who cannot take a bath or shower independently

wash with basin at bedside

Question 8

Towel bath

Answer 8

using a single large towel to cover and wash client

moistens towel with water heated 105-110 degrees

begins at feet and moves upward

change bed linens afterwords

Question 9

Bag bath

Answer 9

packaged kit with pre moistened towels

warms in microwave or in warm water before use

using separate cloths to wash eat part of the clients body

Question 10

Advantages of bag baths

Answer 10

reduces the potential for skin impairment

promotes comfort because used quickly

prevent the transmission of micro organisms that may be transferred using a basin

reduce the spread of microorganisms from parts of the body because use of different cloths

promote self care among clients

Question 11

toothbrushing and flossing

Answer 11

bed confined nurses assemble toothbrush, toothpaste, a glass of water, emesis basin, and floss

dentists recommend using a soft bristle or electric toothbrush twice a day

Question 12

oral care for unconscious clients

Answer 12

sordes (dried crusts) are common on the lips and teeth of unconscious patients

uses certain tools so client doesn’t aspirate saliva and liquid oral hygiene products into their lungs

brushes teeth

Question 13

Denture care

Answer 13

nurse puts on gloves and uses a dry gauze square or clean face cloth to grasp and free denture from mouth

hold dentures over a plastic basin or towel so they dont break

dentures stay in place except for cleaning

when not being used, store in covered cup when removed with plain water or mouthwash or denture cleanser

Question 14

Hair grooming

Answer 14

brush hair slowly and avoid damaging
the hair

use a wide tooth comb

braid hair to prevent tangles

if hair loss occurs provide client with turban or hat

Question 15

Shampooing

Answer 15

dry shampoos are available for occasional use

weekly shampoo is sufficient but more or less wont hurt

Question 16

nail care

Answer 16

check with physician before cutting fingernails or toes

soak the hands or feet in warm water to soften keratin

clean under the nails

push cuticles with towel

use a handheld rotary file to reduce length of nails

Question 17

cleaning glasses

Answer 17

hold glasses by nose or ear braces

run tepid water over both sides of the lenses

wash lenses with soap or detergent

rinse with running tap water

dry with a clean, soft cloth- do not use paper tissues

Question 18

removing soft contact lenses

Answer 18

sliding it into position with a clean gloved finger as client looks upward

Question 19

removing hard contact lenses

Answer 19

same with soft but instructs client to blink to remove lenses

if unsuccessful use suction

Question 20

prosthetic eyes

Answer 20

nurse removed it by depressing the lower eyelid until the lid margin is wide enough so eye can slide free

irrigate with water or saline before reinserting eye

Question 21

in the early device

Answer 21

small, self contained sids that fit in the outer ear

Question 22

canal aids

Answer 22

fit deep within war canal and are largely concealed

may be hard to remove because of small size

Question 23

behind the ear device

Answer 23

consist of microphone and amplifier worn behind the ear to deliver sound to an internal receiver

Question 24

body aid devices

Answer 24

use electrical components enclosed in a case carried somewhere on the body to deliver sound through a wire connected to an ear mold receiver

Question 25

maintaining hearing aid

Answer 25

keep a supple of extra batteries

avoid exposing electrical components to extreme water, heat, cleaning chemicals or hair spray

clean earwax embedded in hearing aid

turn hearing aid off when not in use

check batteries

store in safe place

Question 26

frequency-modulated devices (fm)

Answer 26

use radio waves to transmit sound from a buildings antenna to a receiver wearing earphones

used in churches, museums, theaters and so on

Question 27

infrared listening devices (IRLDS)

Answer 27

convert sound into infrared light and send it through a wall or ceiling mounted reverse to the person wearing the listening device

people who need help hearing lectures, television or live performances

Question 28

induction loop device

Answer 28

uses a magnetic field or copper loops installed within the floor of a building

sound travels from a speakers microphone through the loop to a person wearing a hearing aid equipped with a tele-coil that o up sound from the speaker

Question 29

contraindications to using a safety razor

Answer 29

receiving anticoagulants

receiving thrombolytic agents

taking high doses of aspirin

blood disorders

liver disease who have impaired clotting

with rashes or elevated inflammed skin lesions

who are suicidal