chapter 17 Flashcards
nails
normal nails thin, pink and smooth
changes in the shape, color, texture provide evidence of local injury or infection and even systemic diseases
Teeth
adults have 28-32 teeth
normally white but become discolored due to coffee or tea, tobacco use, or certain drugs such as tetracycline
plaque and caries (cavities) may occur if not taken care of properly
Tartar
hardened plaque
may lead to gingivitis
pockets of gum inflammation lead to periodontal disease
reducing risk of falls when bathing
nonskid strips on floor
grab bars
a shower seat
right temperature
long handled bath sponges or shower attachments
use soap sparingly. mild non perfumed soap
gentle patting motions
inspect feet
Partial bath
washing only those body areas that are subject to greatest soiling
generally the face, hands, axillae and perineal area
Perineal area care
prevent direct contact between themselves and secretions
cleanse from mot soiled to less soiled
bed bath
for those who cannot take a bath or shower independently
wash with basin at bedside
Towel bath
using a single large towel to cover and wash client
moistens towel with water heated 105-110 degrees
begins at feet and moves upward
change bed linens afterwords
Bag bath
packaged kit with pre moistened towels
warms in microwave or in warm water before use
using separate cloths to wash eat part of the clients body
Advantages of bag baths
reduces the potential for skin impairment
promotes comfort because used quickly
prevent the transmission of micro organisms that may be transferred using a basin
reduce the spread of microorganisms from parts of the body because use of different cloths
promote self care among clients
toothbrushing and flossing
bed confined nurses assemble toothbrush, toothpaste, a glass of water, emesis basin, and floss
dentists recommend using a soft bristle or electric toothbrush twice a day
oral care for unconscious clients
sordes (dried crusts) are common on the lips and teeth of unconscious patients
uses certain tools so client doesn’t aspirate saliva and liquid oral hygiene products into their lungs
brushes teeth
Denture care
nurse puts on gloves and uses a dry gauze square or clean face cloth to grasp and free denture from mouth
hold dentures over a plastic basin or towel so they dont break
dentures stay in place except for cleaning
when not being used, store in covered cup when removed with plain water or mouthwash or denture cleanser
Hair grooming
brush hair slowly and avoid damaging
the hair
use a wide tooth comb
braid hair to prevent tangles
if hair loss occurs provide client with turban or hat
Shampooing
dry shampoos are available for occasional use
weekly shampoo is sufficient but more or less wont hurt
nail care
check with physician before cutting fingernails or toes
soak the hands or feet in warm water to soften keratin
clean under the nails
push cuticles with towel
use a handheld rotary file to reduce length of nails
cleaning glasses
hold glasses by nose or ear braces
run tepid water over both sides of the lenses
wash lenses with soap or detergent
rinse with running tap water
dry with a clean, soft cloth- do not use paper tissues
removing soft contact lenses
sliding it into position with a clean gloved finger as client looks upward
removing hard contact lenses
same with soft but instructs client to blink to remove lenses
if unsuccessful use suction
prosthetic eyes
nurse removed it by depressing the lower eyelid until the lid margin is wide enough so eye can slide free
irrigate with water or saline before reinserting eye
in the early device
small, self contained sids that fit in the outer ear
canal aids
fit deep within war canal and are largely concealed
may be hard to remove because of small size
behind the ear device
consist of microphone and amplifier worn behind the ear to deliver sound to an internal receiver
body aid devices
use electrical components enclosed in a case carried somewhere on the body to deliver sound through a wire connected to an ear mold receiver
maintaining hearing aid
keep a supple of extra batteries
avoid exposing electrical components to extreme water, heat, cleaning chemicals or hair spray
clean earwax embedded in hearing aid
turn hearing aid off when not in use
check batteries
store in safe place
frequency-modulated devices (fm)
use radio waves to transmit sound from a buildings antenna to a receiver wearing earphones
used in churches, museums, theaters and so on
infrared listening devices (IRLDS)
convert sound into infrared light and send it through a wall or ceiling mounted reverse to the person wearing the listening device
people who need help hearing lectures, television or live performances
induction loop device
uses a magnetic field or copper loops installed within the floor of a building
sound travels from a speakers microphone through the loop to a person wearing a hearing aid equipped with a tele-coil that o up sound from the speaker
contraindications to using a safety razor
receiving anticoagulants
receiving thrombolytic agents
taking high doses of aspirin
blood disorders
liver disease who have impaired clotting
with rashes or elevated inflammed skin lesions
who are suicidal
