Chapter 42.6

Question 1

the process that ventilates the lungs

Answer 1

breathing

Question 2

the alternate inhalation and exhalation of air

Answer 2

breathing

Question 3

amphibians ventilate their lungs

Answer 3

positive pressure breathing

Question 4

positive pressure breathing

Answer 4

forces air down the trachea

Question 5

How many air sacs do birds have that function as bellows that keep air flowing through the lungs

Answer 5

eight or nine

Question 6

in how many directions does air pass through the lungs

Answer 6

one direction

Question 7

what does the passage of air through the entire system of lungs and air sacs require

Answer 7

two cycles of inhalation and exhalation

Question 8

ventilation in birds is…

Answer 8

highly efficient

Question 9

how do mammals ventilate their lungs

Answer 9

negative pressure breathing

Question 10

negative pressure breathing

Answer 10

pulls air into the lungs

Question 11

lung volume increases as the rib muscles and diaphragm…

Answer 11

contract

Question 12

tidal volume

Answer 12

the volume of air inhaled with each breath

Question 13

vital capacity

Answer 13

the maximum tidal volume

Question 14

What happens after exhalation

Answer 14

a residual volume of air remains in the lungs

Question 15

what is breathing in humans regulated by

Answer 15

involuntary mechanisms

Question 16

what part of the brain are the breathing control centers found in

Answer 16

the medulla oblongata

Question 17

What does the medulla regulate

Answer 17

the rate and depth of breathing in response to pH changes in the cerebrospinal fluid

Question 18

what do sensors in the aorta and carotid arteries monitor

Answer 18

O2 and CO2 concentrations in the blood

Question 19

What do these aorta and carotid artery sensors signal

Answer 19

the breathing control centers, which respond as needed

Question 20

Where does additional modulation of breathing take place

Answer 20

in the pons, next to the medulla